清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院原院长、高温气冷堆示范工程总设计师张作义："固有安全的反应堆就是只依靠自然规律，不 依靠人、机械和电气设备的干预不会熔化，不会出现熔化之后大规模放射性释放。" 早在上世纪80年代，科学界就开始讨论"固有安全"技术，即在严重事故下，不采取任何人为和机器的干预，反应堆还能保持安 全状态。在经历了美国三哩岛核电站事故和切尔诺贝利核电站等重大核事故后，"固有安全"的重要性更加凸显。为了真正了解 这一特性，在经过严格的安检措施后，我们来到正在运转的核反应堆前。 简单来说，核燃料在反应堆堆芯发生核裂变链式反应，将核能转换成热能，再将热能转换成机械能，最终利用机械能带动发电 机发电，这便是核能发电的基本原理。从第一代到第四代核电站，发电原理基本相同，而作为第四代的高温气冷堆核电站，一 个最大的不同点在于，使用了耐高温的球形燃料元件，替代了传统堆型的燃料棒。 党的二十届四中全会指出，"十四五"时期我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶。位于山东荣成的石岛湾高温气冷堆 示范工程，拥有诸多原创性突破性的科技成就，也是全球第一座投入商业运营的第四代核电站，它的建成运行标志着我国在第 四代核电技术研 ...

央视网消息（焦点访谈）：党的二十届四中全会指出，"十四五"时期我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶。位于山东荣成的石岛湾高温气冷 堆示范工程，拥有诸多原创性突破性的科技成就，也是全球第一座投入商业运营的第四代核电站，它的建成运行标志着我国在第四代核电技术研发和应用领 域达到国际领先水平。它先进在哪里，经历了怎样不寻常不平凡的研发攻关过程？今天我们一起走进石岛湾。 作为全球首座第四代核电站，华能石岛湾高温气冷堆示范工程自2023年底投入商业运营以来，已累计安全稳定运行近万小时。它标志着中国在第四代核能技 术研发和应用领域达到世界领先水平。 在经过一系列报备手续，通过数道安检门后，我们进入石岛湾高温气冷堆示范工程内部，近距离观察这座大国重器。进入这道门，就意味着进入了可居留 区，即使发生严重核事故，里面的操作人员也可以在足够安全的状况下，待满七天时间。安全是人们在谈到核电站时最关心的话题，而第四代核电站与前几 代核电站最大的不同，就是让核反应堆实现了固有安全。 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院原院长、高温气冷堆示范工程总设计师张作义："固有安全的反应堆就是只依靠自然规律，不依靠人、机械和电气设备的 干预不会熔 ...

Core Insights - China's clean energy equipment production has seen rapid growth this year, significantly contributing to the construction of a modern energy system and a new power system [2][6] - The core technology of clean energy equipment has achieved major breakthroughs in self-control, providing a solid foundation for energy security [3][8] Clean Energy Equipment Production Growth - In the first seven months of this year, solar cell production reached 470 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 19.6% [2] - Wind and solar power accounted for 89.9% of newly installed power generation capacity in the first half of the year [2] - China's clean energy equipment has been exported to 108 countries and regions, with steady growth in export value [2] Technological Advancements - Significant advancements in core technologies for clean energy equipment have been made during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [3] - In Deyang, a major production base, 70% of gas turbine units, 60% of nuclear power units, and 40% of hydropower units' key technologies are developed [3] Innovations in Manufacturing - The G50 heavy gas turbine is nearing completion, marking a significant breakthrough in self-developed gas turbines [4] - The world's largest 500-megawatt hydropower unit rotor has been completed using robotic welding, achieving a 99% first-pass yield rate [4] - The first fourth-generation nuclear power plant with complete independent intellectual property rights has been operating stably for nearly two years, with a utilization rate of 75% and a domestic equipment rate of 93.4% [4] Environmental Impact and Efficiency - The two gas turbine units in Zhejiang Anji are expected to achieve an annual power generation of approximately 7 billion kilowatt-hours, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 1.86 million tons annually [5] - The efficiency of the gas turbine units is projected to reach 64.15%, significantly improving energy output [5] Transition to Global Market - China's clean energy equipment is transitioning from product exports to industry ecosystem outputs, with projects like the 1000-megawatt pumped storage power station in Cambodia [6] - The successful production of high-end shield pumps for European clients indicates the establishment of a technical and standard system [6] Standardization and International Influence - The rapid development of clean energy equipment in China is significantly influenced by standardization efforts, with 64 new standards established for the wind power industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan [7] - China's participation in international standard-setting has increased its influence, marking a shift from "market for technology" to "technology output standards" [8]