Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the growing interest and investment in controlled nuclear fusion, referred to as the "ultimate energy," transitioning from research to industrial reality in China, particularly in Shanghai [4][5]. Industry Overview - The controlled nuclear fusion sector in China is approaching a turning point due to technological breakthroughs, capital influx, and local government support, with Shanghai emerging as a key hub [5]. - The commercial viability of nuclear fusion is projected to be achievable within 10 years for small-scale applications and 25 years for large-scale commercialization, according to experts [6]. Technological Advancements - Key technological advancements driving the commercialization of nuclear fusion include: 1. The combination of magnetic confinement and high-temperature superconductors, enabling a shift from experimental to engineering devices [6]. 2. The application of AI for real-time plasma stability control [6]. 3. Breakthroughs in critical materials, such as radiation-resistant materials and low-cost tritium fuel, which lower engineering barriers [6][9]. Challenges and Bottlenecks - The industry faces several challenges before achieving commercial viability: 1. The cost-to-energy yield ratio needs improvement, as current fusion experiments often require more energy input than output [8]. 2. The tritium fuel supply chain is underdeveloped, with global annual production below 20 kilograms, making it costly [8]. 3. The complexity of engineering and lack of industrial standards pose additional hurdles [8][9]. Investment Landscape - There is a notable increase in investment in the nuclear fusion sector, with a shift from government funding to market-driven investments from industry funds and venture capital [10][13]. - The Shanghai Future Industry Fund, with a scale of 15 billion yuan, is playing a significant role in promoting nuclear fusion investments and transitioning research into commercial operations [11][12]. Shanghai's Strategic Position - Shanghai has prioritized nuclear fusion as a key area for technological and industrial development, implementing action plans to foster innovation and talent in this field [15][16]. - The city aims to establish its first fusion power plant by 2045, with significant milestones set for technology development and engineering [17]. Key Companies and Projects - Several companies, including Dongsheng Fusion and Supermagnetic Energy, are emerging in Shanghai's nuclear fusion landscape, focusing on critical components like high-temperature superconducting magnets [18]. - Supermagnetic Energy is developing a large-scale superconducting magnet system, which is crucial for reducing costs in fusion devices [18].