Core Points - The article emphasizes the significance of the Maijishan Grottoes, particularly highlighting the prevalence of smiling Buddha and Bodhisattva statues, which reflect a unique aspect of Chinese Buddhist art [1][7] - The Maijishan Grottoes are recognized as one of China's four major grottoes, often referred to as the "Eastern Sculpture Museum" due to their rich collection of sculptures [1][7] Summary by Sections Overview of Maijishan Grottoes - Located in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, Maijishan is known for its unique mountain shape resembling a stack of wheat, leading to its name [1] - The grottoes were established during the Southern and Northern Dynasties and have been expanded and renovated through various dynasties, preserving a total of 221 caves and over 10,632 statues [7] Artistic Features - The article describes the "Eastern Smile" as a key characteristic of the statues, with many figures displaying serene smiles that convey a sense of peace and wisdom [2][7] - Notable examples include the statue in Cave 44, which is believed to be modeled after the empress of the Western Wei, showcasing intricate details and a captivating smile [2] Cultural Significance - The smiling figures in Maijishan reflect a blend of local emotional life and spiritual aspirations, presenting a more humanized and secular approach to Buddhist art compared to other grottoes like Yungang and Longmen [8] - The craftsmanship in Maijishan emphasizes a connection between the divine and the local community, portraying a vision of a blissful world that resonates with the everyday experiences of the people [8] Visitor Information - The Maijishan Grottoes are open year-round, with various ticket prices for general and special caves, making it accessible for visitors [9][10]

Group 1 - The Silk Road historically served as a vital connection between China and foreign countries, with the "Silk Road: The Network of Routes from Chang'an to the Tianshan Corridor" being listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, including 33 heritage sites such as the ruins of the Weiyang Palace and the Mogao Caves [1] - The establishment of the Silk Road transformed it into a comprehensive trade route, official road, and cultural exchange pathway during the Han Dynasty, particularly through Zhang Qian's missions to the Western Regions [2] - The Han Dynasty set up over 80 relay stations along the route from Chang'an to Dunhuang, which served as crucial safety and navigation points across the vast desert [3] Group 2 - Following the successful UNESCO listing, the protection and management of 22 domestic heritage sites have reached unprecedented levels, integrating new technologies and modern conservation concepts [4] - The ancient Silk Road initiated a significant era of East-West exchanges, and the modern "Belt and Road Initiative" aims to enhance connectivity and cooperation among countries, opening a new chapter in globalization [5] - The ongoing practice of the "Belt and Road Initiative" continues to promote cultural exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations, contributing to the growth of human civilization [6]