Group 1 - The article discusses the historical dominance of the US dollar as the global reserve currency, referred to as "dollar hegemony," and how this status has faced challenges from leaders like Saddam Hussein and Muammar Gaddafi [2][16]. - Saddam Hussein's decision in late 2000 to switch Iraq's oil sales from dollars to euros was a significant challenge to the "petrodollar" system, which has been a cornerstone of US economic influence [2][4]. - The shift to euros by Iraq reportedly cost the US economy hundreds of billions of dollars and raised concerns about a potential sell-off of dollar reserves, which could lead to a dollar collapse and economic crisis [4][16]. Group 2 - The article highlights that the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 was partly motivated by the need to restore oil pricing in dollars, ensuring the integrity of the petrodollar system [6][16]. - Gaddafi's ambition to create a gold-backed currency for Africa posed a threat to Western financial dominance, as it aimed to establish a regional alternative to the dollar [8][9]. - The military intervention in Libya in 2011, which resulted in Gaddafi's death, was also driven by the desire to prevent the establishment of the gold dinar and maintain the dollar's supremacy in African trade [12][16]. Group 3 - The article concludes that the fates of Saddam and Gaddafi serve as a warning about the high risks associated with challenging the dollar's global dominance, as their actions led to their downfall and the preservation of US economic interests [16][21]. - The narrative emphasizes that the stated reasons for Western interventions often mask deeper economic motivations aimed at maintaining the existing financial order [21].