国内一家城轨信号企业人士对《中国经营报》记者举例称，CBTC（基于通信的列车自动控制系统）是 地铁信号系统的核心技术，被称为地铁的"智慧大脑"。早年，CBTC核心技术主要由西门子、阿尔斯 通、泰雷兹等国外厂商所垄断，中国地铁运营商采购国外设备价格通常在1300万元/公里。2010年，北 京地铁亦庄线首次使用国产化CBTC设备，让我国成为全球少数几个掌握CBTC核心技术的国家之一。 也是在2010年前后，国内企业交控科技、中国通号、众合科技等纷纷在CBTC技术方面取得突破，随着 中国企业CBTC技术的成熟，国产化设备逐渐取代进口，设备价格也从1300万元/公里降低到800万元— 900万元/公里，降幅超过三成。 自主化与开放合作并行：构建技术主权与产业生态 从"国产化"到"自主化"：六十年技术突围之路 我国城轨技术的自主化进程，镌刻着几代建设者的攻坚印记。1965年7月1日，中国第一条地铁线路即北 京地铁1号线开始建设，在此后60年的发展历程中，我国城轨装备国产化与自主化经历了三个发展阶 段。1965年后的30余年，依托北京地铁1号线、2号线和天津地铁1号线，启动了我国城轨交通的开创性 建设，此时城轨交通技术装 ...

Core Insights - The integration of AI with the low-altitude economy is creating new production factors and economic forms, positioning China to carve out a unique industrial development path due to its latecomer advantage and intelligent approach [1][2][3] Low-altitude Economy Overview - The low-altitude economy refers to activities involving manned and unmanned aerial vehicles operating below 1,000 meters (up to 3,000 meters), which can significantly reduce construction and operational costs compared to ground transportation [2][3] - The global low-altitude economy is projected to reach approximately $1.5 trillion by 2040, while China's Civil Aviation Administration aims for a target of 3.5 trillion yuan by 2035 [3] AI Development in Low-altitude Economy - AI is evolving from rule-based systems to deep learning and large models, with a dual-track development of general and vertical large models [3] - The focus for Chinese enterprises should be on developing vertical large models tailored to specific business scenarios for effective AI application [3] Industry Structure and Challenges - The low-altitude economy consists of four interdependent sectors: aircraft manufacturing, digital infrastructure, airspace management, and operational services, which together form a complete industrial ecosystem [4][5] - Current challenges include a lack of unified operational rules and safety standards, leading to a situation where many manufacturers are hesitant to operate their aircraft despite having the technology [5][7] Future Development Phases - The evolution of the low-altitude economy can be divided into three phases: - Short-term (1-3 years): Empowering scenarios such as agricultural pest control and power line inspections, with significant cost advantages [5][6] - Mid-term (3-5 years): Scaling logistics scenarios, including urban delivery and cross-border transport, with successful pilot projects already underway [6] - Long-term (8-10 years): Revolutionizing manned transport, starting with tourism experiences and gradually expanding to commuting, ultimately aiming for flying cars [6] Investment Considerations - Three validation principles for investments in the low-altitude economy include the authenticity of demand, technical feasibility, and financial sustainability [6] - Lessons from the bankruptcy of German eVTOL company Volocopter highlight the risks of overextending and the importance of a stable funding chain [7] Industry Collaboration and Future Outlook - The future industrial ecosystem will require deep integration of AI, low-altitude vehicles, robotics, and traditional industries, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to avoid blind investments [8]