Group 1 - Several top universities in China are reforming their GPA systems, with Fudan University introducing a P/NP grading system and Peking University planning to abolish GPA for undergraduates starting from 2025 [1][22] - The shift away from a strict GPA system reflects a broader critique of the "score-centric" approach in education, indicating a move towards more qualitative assessments [1][22] - The historical reliance on grading systems has created a culture of anxiety among students, leading to unhealthy competition and a focus on grades over genuine learning [10][19] Group 2 - The grading system, which has been a staple in education since the late 18th century, is now being questioned for its effectiveness and relevance in modern education [3][4] - Critics argue that the current grading practices do not accurately reflect students' understanding or capabilities, often reducing their educational experience to mere numbers [10][15] - The push for reform is not just about changing grading policies but also about redefining the values of education and what constitutes success [22]