Core Insights - All Nippon Airways (ANA) and Japan Airlines (JAL) are set to introduce Level 4 (L4) autonomous cargo towing vehicles at Tokyo's major airports to enhance operational efficiency and address labor shortages [1][4] Group 1: Implementation Details - ANA plans to operate three L4 autonomous towing vehicles at Haneda Airport starting in December 2024, while JAL will deploy one vehicle [3] - Both airlines aim to double the number of L4 autonomous vehicles at Haneda by spring next year, with JAL also planning to operate two vehicles at Narita International Airport in December and increase to four by spring [3][4] - The L4 autonomous vehicles will only operate within airport premises and will not access public roads [3][4] Group 2: Technology and Production - The L4 autonomous towing vehicles for ANA are produced by Toyota Industries Corporation, equipped with high-performance laser radar sensors and multiple cameras for remote monitoring [3] - JAL's vehicles are manufactured by TLD, a subsidiary of the French Alvest Group, in collaboration with China's Weihai Guangtai Airport Equipment Co., Ltd., utilizing similar technology as ANA's vehicles [3] Group 3: Industry Context - L4 autonomous cargo vehicles have been in use at various global airports, including Hong Kong International Airport, since 2019 [4] - The introduction of these vehicles comes in response to significant labor shortages in ground handling staff at airports, exacerbated by layoffs and operational delays in baggage handling [4]