Economic Growth and Structure - China's GDP grew by 5.3% year-on-year in the first half of the year, showcasing a transition from scale expansion to quality improvement in economic growth [1][2] - Final consumption expenditure contributed over 50% to economic growth, indicating that policies focused on stabilizing employment and promoting income are effectively boosting demand [2][3] - CPI decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, reflecting uneven demand recovery, but a mild inflation environment allows for macro policy adjustments [2][4] Investment Trends - High-tech industries continue to show robust growth, with sectors like information services and aerospace manufacturing significantly outpacing overall investment levels [2][3] - Infrastructure investment increased by 4.6% year-on-year, supported by a rapid issuance of special bonds totaling over 2.1 trillion yuan, which is 667 billion yuan more than the same period last year [4][5] Consumption Dynamics - Retail sales of home appliances and communication devices grew by over 20% year-on-year, driven by policies like "trade-in for new" that stimulate consumer demand [3][4] - The improvement in living standards through increased fiscal spending in education, healthcare, and social security is expected to enhance consumer potential and create a positive cycle of consumption and economic growth [4][5] Policy Measures - Fiscal policy has been effectively implemented, with a focus on increasing spending in the livelihood sector, which has a direct impact on consumption [4][5] - Monetary policy has emphasized "stabilizing total volume and adjusting structure," with measures such as interest rate cuts leading to a reduction in the average loan interest rate to 3.3%, down 45 basis points from the previous year [5][6] Export Resilience - China's exports grew by 5.9% year-on-year in dollar terms, with high-end manufacturing sectors like semiconductors and robotics showing significant demand [7][8] - The digital economy, cloud computing, AI computing power, and biomedicine are emerging as new growth opportunities, facilitating a shift from cost advantages to technological and systematic advantages [7][8] Future Outlook - There is considerable room for policy expansion in the second half of the year, with suggestions to increase special bond allocations towards new infrastructure and livelihood improvements [7][8] - The coordinated effect of policies is reflected in the bond market, with the 10-year government bond yield stabilizing around 1.7% [7][8]

报告导读： "双降"中可以看出货币政策导向的三项变化，后续资金或成为债市持续的安全 垫，票息策略持续占优。 前期央行在内外约束下，对降息相对谨慎，倾向于推动"不降之降"。 自 2024 年 9 月落地 20bp OMO 降息后，央行在超过半年的时间段内未推动政策利率调降，更倾向于通过"不降之降"或"看不见的降息"操 作向银行体系加力投放中长期流动性，典型工具是新的买断式逆回购以及改革为多价位操作的 MLF 。优 化后的流动性管理工具"能紧能松"，使"看不见的降息"成为可能，央行精准调控的能力提升。在各项流动 性管理工具中， MLF/ 买断式逆回购 / 国债买卖这类中长期投放工具对银行关键的流动性考核指标如 LCR 和 NSFR 有明显的改善作用。尽管从 2024 年 9 月末至 2025 年 4 月末政策利率未有调整，但 OMO 、 MLF 、买断式逆回购三项工具的加权平均成本已下行 52bp 。截止 4 月末，央行公开市场投放 的平均成本仅 1.79% 。 本文摘自：2025年5月9日发布的 双降之后，资金市场从博弈预期到支撑现实 唐元懋 ，资格证书编号： S0880524040002 更多国泰海通研究和服 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent changes in China's monetary policy, particularly focusing on the People's Bank of China's (PBOC) operations in the bond market and the implications for liquidity and interest rates in the financial system [1][6]. Group 1: Current Issues in the Bond Market - After the Spring Festival, funding rates have significantly deviated upwards from the reverse repurchase rate, with the 7-day rate exceeding the upper limit of the interest rate corridor during tax periods [2]. - The market is experiencing confusion regarding policy pricing due to the lack of a policy anchor for government bond rates and the unknown acceptable interest rate level from the PBOC [2]. Group 2: MLF Operations - The MLF (Medium-term Lending Facility) has resumed net injections, characterized by three key features: advance announcement of bidding, cessation of publishing the winning rate, and a return to conventional monetary tool attributes [3]. - The MLF's cost is now close to the interbank deposit rate, indicating its potential role as a regular liquidity tool moving forward [3]. Group 3: OMO Announcements - Starting March 25, the PBOC began to publish both the bidding and winning amounts for reverse repos, which may provide new insights into the central bank's policy stance [4]. - The difference between the bidding and winning amounts can reflect the market's liquidity demand and the PBOC's monetary policy attitude [4]. Group 4: Government Bond Transactions - The PBOC has not resumed government bond purchases, opting instead for a significant reverse repo injection of 800 billion yuan [5]. - The current demand for long-term liquidity from commercial banks remains high, and the resumption of government bond transactions may be necessary for providing long-term liquidity [5]. Group 5: Implications of Policy Changes - The recent policy changes suggest a more transparent communication method between the PBOC and the market, enhancing channels for expectation management [7]. - The PBOC's decision to pause government bond purchases may be influenced by the need to maintain independence and avoid exacerbating supply-demand imbalances in the bond market [7].