Group 1 - The global private equity market has shown signs of structural recovery in 2024, with an increase in investment and exit activities, but fundraising continues to face pressure [1][2] - In 2024, the global private equity M&A transaction volume reached $602 billion, a 37% year-on-year increase, while total exits amounted to $468 billion, up 34% [1] - Fundraising in the industry declined for the third consecutive year, totaling $1.1 trillion in 2024, a 24% decrease compared to the previous year and a 40% drop from the historical peak in 2021 [1] Group 2 - The secondary market for private equity has become a crucial liquidity solution, driven by renewed investment and exit activities in the primary market, creating diverse exit demands [1][2] - The tightening fundraising environment has led to discount opportunities in transactions, further stimulating secondary transactions (S transactions) [1][2] Group 3 - The secondary market transaction volume from 2016 to 2024 has shown a trajectory of "volatile growth - pandemic pullback - structural recovery," with 2024 marking a record high of $162 billion, a 45% increase year-on-year [5][6] - The recovery is influenced by liquidity pressures on sellers and new capital influx for buyers, leading to a more mature secondary market ecosystem [6][30] Group 4 - In 2024, LP-led transactions accounted for $87 billion (54% market share), while GP-led transactions reached $75 billion (46% market share), reflecting balanced market development [9][10] - The concentration of top investors in LP-led transactions has increased, with the top eight investors holding 50% of the transaction share [9] Group 5 - GP-led transactions primarily involve mergers and acquisitions, with 82% of the total GP-led market transaction volume [10][14] - The use of continuation funds has become prevalent, capturing 79% of the GP-led market share, indicating a preference for long-term management of core assets [14][21] Group 6 - The pricing of GP-led transactions has improved, with 87% of single-asset continuation fund transactions having a discount rate of over 90% in 2024 [21][23] - LP-led market pricing has also seen a general improvement, with average pricing rising to around 90% of net asset value [23][26] Group 7 - The trading behavior in the secondary market has matured, characterized by the rise of co-investment models, concentration of quality assets, and innovation in deferred payment tools [24][30] - The trend of co-investment has increased, with the proportion of small institutions participating as co-leads rising from 8% in 2023 to 15% in 2024 [27][28] Group 8 - The market is witnessing a shift towards high-quality assets, with a decrease in small transactions and an increase in larger deals [28] - The use of deferred payment tools has tripled, with flexible terms and risk mitigation measures becoming more popular among market participants [29][30]