Core Viewpoint - The introduction of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology in China marks a significant step towards integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the energy grid, allowing them to act as mobile energy storage units, benefiting both vehicle owners and the power grid [1][4]. Group 1: Pilot Program Details - The first batch of V2G pilot cities includes Shanghai, Changzhou, Hefei, Huaibei, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Haikou, Chongqing, and Kunming, with a total of 30 projects aimed at promoting energy interaction between EVs and the grid [2][4]. - The selected cities have advantages in policy support, industrial infrastructure, and technological innovation, facilitating the implementation of V2G technology [2][3]. Group 2: Infrastructure and Capacity - Shanghai has built 913,000 charging piles and 225 battery swap stations, while Shenzhen has established 100 V2G interactive stations [3]. - Chongqing has developed 381,200 charging piles and 219 battery swap stations, achieving full coverage of fast charging in urban and rural areas [3]. Group 3: Economic Benefits for Vehicle Owners - Vehicle owners can earn financial rewards by supplying electricity back to the grid, with subsidies reported at 3.5 yuan per kilowatt-hour [5]. - The implementation of time-of-use pricing for charging is expected to encourage EV owners to charge during off-peak hours, further reducing costs [5]. Group 4: Benefits for the Power Grid - V2G technology allows EVs to act as controllable loads, helping to balance supply and demand, integrate renewable energy, and stabilize load fluctuations [6]. - The interaction between EVs and the grid can alleviate the pressure on the power system caused by the rapid growth of electric vehicles [6]. Group 5: Industry Transformation - The V2G initiative represents a shift for automakers from merely producing vehicles to becoming solution providers within the energy ecosystem [6]. - Companies like GAC Group have already launched V2G-enabled models, indicating a trend towards integrating energy solutions into automotive offerings [6]. Group 6: Commercial Model Development - A robust commercial model is essential for the success of V2G, as specialized charging infrastructure is required, which is approximately 1.2 times the cost of standard charging stations [7]. - The market mechanisms for V2G are still evolving, with regions like Guangxi and Guangdong exploring innovative pricing and operational frameworks [7][8]. Group 7: Policy and Standardization - Recent policies have been introduced to support the development of V2G, including pilot programs for pricing mechanisms in various provinces [8][9]. - Experts emphasize the need for standardized technical specifications and incentives to enhance user participation and understanding of V2G benefits [9].