ManpowerGroup(MAN) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Reported revenue for the quarter was $4.6 billion, down 2% year over year in constant currency, while system-wide revenue was $4.9 billion [6][7] - Reported EBITDA for the quarter was $74 million, with adjusted EBITDA at $96 million, representing a decrease of 22% in constant currency year over year [7][8] - Adjusted earnings per share decreased by 39% year over year in constant currency, with reported EPS at $0.38 and adjusted EPS at $0.83 [8][12] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The Manpower brand experienced a 3% growth year over year on an organic constant currency basis, while Experis declined by 7% and Talent Solutions declined by 8% [13][15] - Gross profit margin for the quarter was 16.6%, with the Manpower brand contributing 63% of gross profit, Experis 21%, and Talent Solutions 16% [14][15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue in the Americas segment was $1.1 billion, representing a 6% increase year over year on a constant currency basis [17] - Southern Europe revenue was $2.2 billion, down 1% in organic constant currency, with France revenue decreasing by 5% [19][20] - The Asia-Pacific Middle East segment saw revenues of $521 million, an increase of 8% in organic constant currency [23] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on digitization and standardization across operations, with significant progress in global business services initiatives [28][29] - The implementation of AI, particularly the Sophy AI platform, is expected to enhance operational efficiency and client outcomes [30][31] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted a cautious yet stable hiring environment, with gradual signs of stabilization in demand across various markets [4][5] - The outlook for 2026 is cautiously optimistic, with expectations for improved economic conditions in Europe and North America [44][46] Other Important Information - Free cash flow for the quarter was $45 million, down from $67 million in the prior year, with capital expenditures at $15 million [24][25] - The company ended the quarter with cash of $275 million and total debt of $1.2 billion, reflecting an improvement in net debt [25] Q&A Session Summary Question: When business confidence improves, will there be an early cycle pickup in flexible staffing volumes? - Management indicated that if employer confidence returns, it could lead to better growth in the Manpower brand and other segments [34][35] Question: Can you discuss the trends seen in the quarter and any volatility due to economic conditions? - Management noted improvements in France and Italy, with stable performance in the U.S., although some volatility was observed due to year-over-year comparisons [38][39] Question: Are there any price pressures or mix issues impacting gross profit margins? - Management confirmed that the primary driver of margin pressure is the mix shift towards enterprise clients, with no significant pricing changes observed [41][42] Question: How is political turmoil in France impacting business sentiment? - Management acknowledged that while political uncertainty is not helpful, clients are navigating the environment pragmatically and focusing on talent investments [64][66]
Synovus Financial (SNV) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Synovus reported GAAP earnings per share of $1.33 and adjusted earnings per share of $1.46, up 19% year over year [5] - Adjusted PPNR growth was up 5% sequentially and 12% year over year, driven by net interest margin expansion and healthy non-interest revenue growth [5][10] - Net interest margin increased to 3.41%, with net interest income growing 8% year over year [10][14] - The capital position remained strong with a preliminary common equity Tier one ratio at 11.24%, the highest in Synovus' history [14] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Adjusted revenue increased 9% year over year, while adjusted non-interest expense rose 6% [9] - Wealth revenue increased by 4% sequentially, and capital markets income rose by 8% [12] - Loan production jumped 43% year over year, with specialty lending and institutional commercial real estate lending as strong contributors [10][11] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Period end core deposits declined by $231 million or 1% from the second quarter, primarily due to a strategic decline in public funds [11] - Average loans increased by 1%, while period end loans rose by 0.5% [10] - The company expects core deposit growth of approximately 0.5% for the year, with a strong focus on core deposit production in the fourth quarter [15] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The merger with Pinnacle Financial Partners is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026, creating a dynamic regional bank [6][19] - The company is focused on talent acquisition and has added 25 new revenue producers in the third quarter, with plans for continued hiring [6][19] - Synovus aims to maintain strong loan production and fee income generation while managing expenses [6][19] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in continued momentum into the fourth quarter, with expectations for loan growth and non-interest revenue stability [19] - The credit loss environment remains favorable, with net charge-offs expected to be between 15 and 20 basis points in the fourth quarter [18] - Management noted that clients are generally optimistic about the economic outlook, which supports loan demand [86] Other Important Information - The company plans to issue 2026 pro forma guidance after the merger closes early next year [21] - Non-recurring expenses related to the merger amounted to $24 million, primarily for professional fees [13] Q&A Session Summary Question: Thoughts on capital and stock buybacks post-merger - Management expects to start with a strong capital position post-merger and aims to build capital in the early quarters while focusing on loan growth [27][28] Question: Trends in deposits and expectations for fourth quarter growth - Management reported $2.6 billion in new deposit production, up 18% from the second quarter, and anticipates a seasonal increase in public funds [33][35] Question: Hiring pace and environment - The hiring environment is characterized by excitement, with internal team members positively influencing external hiring prospects [39][40] Question: Credit trends and non-performing loans - Non-performing loans decreased due to payoffs and paydowns, with management noting the lowest net charge-off quarter in almost three years [43][44] Question: Feedback on the merger and internal/external perceptions - Management reported strong engagement and excitement among team members, with progress on key decisions and regulatory applications [48][53] Question: Loan growth and production trends - Loan production remains strong across various sectors, with expectations for continued growth in the fourth quarter [75][98]
Infosys(INFY) - 2026 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Company reported a revenue growth of 2.2% sequentially and 2.9% year-on-year in constant currency terms for Q2 FY 2026 [4][8] - Operating margins expanded by 20 basis points sequentially, reaching 21% [10][11] - Free cash flow stood at $1.1 billion, representing 131% of net profit, marking the sixth consecutive quarter above 100% [10][11] - Earnings per share (EPS) in rupee terms grew by 13% year-on-year to INR 17.6 [10] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Financial services and manufacturing verticals grew above 5% year-on-year in constant currency for both Q2 and H1 [9][13] - The company signed 23 large deals during the quarter, with significant contributions from financial services and manufacturing [12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Europe experienced growth greater than 5% year-on-year in constant currency terms [9] - The company added 8,000 employees during the quarter, bringing total headcount to 332,000 [10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company announced a revenue growth guidance of 2%-3% for the financial year, with operating margin guidance remaining at 20%-22% [7][17] - Strategic focus on AI capabilities has positioned the company as a leading enterprise AI services provider, with over 2,500 generative AI projects [18][20] - The company is pursuing a joint venture with Versant in Australia, which is expected to close later this year [7][78] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted strong client focus on deploying AI for growth and cost-efficiency programs [4][5] - The company anticipates seasonal factors impacting growth in H2, with lower working days and higher furloughs expected [88] - Management expressed confidence in navigating the changing visa landscape through localization and nearshoring strategies [52][54] Other Important Information - The company announced an INR 18,000 crore buyback through a tender route at INR 1,800 per share, expected to be completed in Q3 [12] - The board approved an interim dividend of INR 23, which is 9.5% higher than the previous year's interim dividend [12] Q&A Session Summary Question: Partnerships with companies building AI capabilities - Management confirmed ongoing partnerships with companies building AI capabilities, focusing on modernization as a significant growth opportunity [30][34] Question: Large deal margins and comfort level - Management stated that while they do not disclose margins separately, they maintain a disciplined approach to large deals to ensure margin profiles are preserved [36] Question: Changes in smaller deal activity - Management indicated no significant changes in smaller deal activity, with a consistent pipeline [39] Question: Impact of H1B visa changes on business model - Management noted that while there is no immediate change, the long-term model will adapt with increased localization and nearshoring [52][54] Question: AI's impact on revenue growth profile - Management highlighted that AI presents both growth opportunities and efficiency improvements, but the current focus is on cost reduction due to economic conditions [69][70]
Marsh & McLennan Companies(MMC) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated revenue increased by 11% to $6.4 billion, with underlying growth of 4% [12][15] - Adjusted operating income rose by 13% year-over-year, with adjusted EPS growing by 11% to $1.85 [5][13] - Adjusted operating margin increased by 30 basis points to 22.7% [15][24] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Risk and insurance services revenue was $3.9 billion, up 13% year-over-year, with underlying growth of 3% [15][16] - Consulting segment revenue increased by 9% to $2.5 billion, with underlying growth of 5% [17][19] - Marsh's revenue grew by 16% to $3.4 billion, with underlying growth of 4% [16][17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Global commercial insurance rates decreased by 4% in Q3, with property rates down 8% year-over-year [10][11] - U.S. rates were down by 1%, while Canada saw a 3% decline [10] - Global casualty rates increased by 3%, with U.S. excess casualty up 16% [11] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company will rebrand from Marsh & McLennan Companies to Marsh in January, aiming to enhance visibility and strengthen its value proposition [5][6] - The Thrive program aims to generate approximately $400 million in savings over three years, with a focus on automation and efficiency [6][21] - The company is investing in AI and technology to improve client service and operational efficiency [7][22] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management anticipates mid-single-digit underlying revenue growth for 2025, despite economic uncertainties [13][25] - The company is confident in its ability to navigate different economic cycles and pricing pressures [30][44] - Management noted that the current economic environment is uneven, impacting client behavior and growth [62] Other Important Information - The company repurchased $400 million of its stock in the quarter [13][24] - Total debt at the end of the quarter was $19.6 billion, with a cash position of $2.5 billion [24] Q&A Session Summary Question: Impact of government shutdown on growth outlook - Management acknowledged potential pressures from the macro environment but remains confident in their growth strategy and execution [30] Question: Details on the new wholesale business - The company is not looking to build a third-party wholesale business but will develop internal capabilities where necessary [33] Question: Thrive program cost and savings ratio - Management highlighted a favorable cost-to-savings ratio and expressed confidence in achieving the projected savings [37][39] Question: Organic growth expectations in the U.S. - Management indicated that organic growth in the U.S. may remain stable despite economic uncertainties [42][44] Question: Performance of Oliver Wyman amid economic uncertainty - Management expressed satisfaction with Oliver Wyman's growth and noted strong demand for their services [47][50] Question: M&A environment in insurance brokerage - Management confirmed ongoing appetite for M&A and noted a potential widening of bid-ask spreads in the current market [77][79]
Marsh & McLennan Companies(MMC) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:02
Marsh & McLennan Companies (NYSE:MMC) Q3 2025 Earnings Call October 16, 2025 08:00 AM ET Company ParticipantsMartin South - CEONick Studer - CEOGreg Peters - Managing DirectorJohn Doyle - President and CEOElyse Greenspan - Managing DirectorBrian Meredith - Managing DirectorMark McGivney - CFOConference Call ParticipantsDavid Motemaden - Managing Director and Senior Equity Research AnalystMike Zaremski - Senior Equity Research Analyst and Managing DirectorRob Cox - VP and Equity Research AnalystAlex Scott - ...
Marsh & McLennan Companies(MMC) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated revenue increased by 11% to $6.4 billion, with underlying growth of 4% despite headwinds from fiduciary interest income [11][14] - Adjusted operating income rose by 13% year-over-year, with an adjusted operating margin increase of 30 basis points to 22.7% [14][23] - Adjusted EPS grew by 11% to $1.85, while GAAP EPS was reported at $1.51 [14][23] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Risk and insurance services revenue was $3.9 billion, up 13% year-over-year, with underlying growth of 3% [14][15] - Marsh's revenue increased by 16% to $3.4 billion, with 4% underlying growth [15][16] - Consulting segment revenue was $2.5 billion, up 9% or 5% on an underlying basis [16][17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Global commercial insurance rates decreased by 4% in Q3, with property rates down 8% year-over-year [9][10] - Global casualty rates increased by 3%, with U.S. excess casualty up 16% [10] - Dedicated reinsurance capital is projected to reach approximately $650 billion by year-end 2025 [10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company will change its brand to Marsh in January 2026, aiming to enhance visibility and strengthen its value proposition [4][5] - The Thrive program aims to generate approximately $400 million in savings over three years, with a focus on automation and efficiency [5][20] - The company is investing in AI and technology to improve client service and operational efficiency [6][21] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management anticipates mid-single-digit underlying revenue growth for 2025, despite economic uncertainties and pricing pressures [12][24] - The company is confident in its ability to navigate different economic cycles and maintain growth [28][41] - Management noted that the current economic environment is uneven, impacting client behavior and growth rates [41][56] Other Important Information - The company repurchased $400 million of its stock in the quarter and plans to deploy approximately $4.5 billion of capital in 2025 across dividends, acquisitions, and share repurchases [12][23] - Interest expense increased to $237 million from $154 million year-over-year [22][23] Q&A Session Summary Question: Impact of government shutdown on growth outlook - Management acknowledged the potential for low to mid-single-digit growth due to macroeconomic pressures but expressed confidence in their positioning and execution [28] Question: Details on the new wholesale business - The company clarified that it is not looking to build a third-party wholesale business but will develop internal capabilities where necessary [30][32] Question: Thrive program cost and savings ratio - Management highlighted a favorable cost-to-savings ratio for the Thrive program and expressed confidence in achieving the projected savings [34][36] Question: Organic growth expectations in the U.S. - Management indicated that organic growth in the U.S. is expected to remain stable despite economic uncertainties [40][41] Question: Oliver Wyman's growth amid economic uncertainty - Management reported strong growth at Oliver Wyman and expressed optimism about the demand pipeline despite a complex operating environment [44][46] Question: International pricing sensitivity - Management noted that pricing dynamics vary by geography, with a competitive market impacting overall rates [59][60] Question: M&A environment and appetite for larger deals - Management confirmed ongoing interest in M&A, focusing on cultural fit and strategic alignment rather than just size [69][70]
Infosys(INFY) - 2026 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 13:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenues for Q2 FY26 grew 2.2% sequentially and 2.9% year-on-year in constant currency terms, with quarterly revenues crossing $5 billion and $10 billion for the half year [3][6] - Operating margins expanded by 20 basis points sequentially to 21%, with H1 margins at 20.9% compared to 21.1% in H1 FY25 [7][9] - Free cash flow stood at $1.1 billion, representing 131% of net profit, marking the sixth consecutive quarter above 100% [8][9] - Earnings per share (EPS) in rupee terms grew by 13% year-on-year to INR 17.6 [8] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Financial services and manufacturing verticals grew above 5% year-on-year in constant currency terms for both Q2 and H1 [7][11] - The company signed 23 large deals during the quarter, with significant contributions from financial services, manufacturing, communication, and retail sectors [10][11] - The manufacturing segment faced trade and macro uncertainties, impacting discretionary spending, particularly in the automotive sector [11][12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Four of the five large industry verticals and three of the four geographies grew year-on-year in constant currency terms [3] - Europe experienced growth greater than 5% year-on-year in constant currency terms [7] - The deal pipeline remains strong, with a focus on cost reduction and operational efficiency across various sectors [12][13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company has revised its revenue growth guidance for the financial year to 2% to 3% in constant currency terms, maintaining operating margin guidance at 20% to 22% [5][14] - Infosys is positioning itself as a leading enterprise AI services provider, with a focus on AI-driven initiatives and modernization projects [4][15] - The strategic approach includes a joint venture with Versent in Australia, aimed at enhancing service capabilities [5][6] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to navigate macro uncertainties and highlighted strong client demand for AI and modernization initiatives [11][14] - The company anticipates seasonal factors impacting growth in H2, with lower working days and potential furloughs [14][68] - Management noted that while there is uncertainty in the environment, the overall pipeline and signing remain strong [11][44] Other Important Information - The company added 8,000 employees during the quarter, with a total headcount of 332,000 [8] - Cash and investments totaled $6.2 billion at the end of the quarter, with a yield on cash balance of 6.98% [9] - The company announced an INR 18,000 crore buyback plan and an interim dividend of INR 23, reflecting a 9.5% increase from the previous year [10] Q&A Session Summary Question: Partnerships with companies building AI capabilities - Management confirmed ongoing partnerships with companies expanding AI capabilities, focusing on modernization as a significant growth opportunity [28][30] Question: Large deal margins and comfort level - Management stated that while they do not disclose margins separately, they maintain a disciplined approach to large deals to ensure margin profiles are preserved [31] Question: Smaller deal activity and average sizes - Management indicated no significant changes in smaller deal activity, with a consistent structure in deal sizes [33][34] Question: Impact of H1B visa changes on business model - Management noted that while there is uncertainty, they have been working on localization strategies to adapt to changes in the visa landscape [44][45] Question: AI's impact on revenue growth profile - Management highlighted that AI presents both growth opportunities and efficiency improvements, with a focus on cost reduction in the current economic environment [55][56] Question: Seasonal softness and employee additions - Management explained that the addition of employees was driven by demand visibility, despite anticipated seasonal softness in H2 [74]
The Bank of New York Mellon(BK) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 12:32
The Bank of New York Mellon (NYSE:BK) Q3 2025 Earnings Call October 16, 2025 07:30 AM ET Company ParticipantsRobin Vince - CEODermot McDonogh - CFOMarius Merz - Head of Investor RelationsConference Call ParticipantsGlenn Schorr - Senior Research AnalystEbrahim Poonawala - AnalystKen Usdin - AnalystBrennan Hawken - AnalystGerard Cassidy - Large Cap Bank AnalystDavid Smith - AnalystBetsy Graseck - AnalystMike Mayo - Research AnalystAlex Blostein - Senior AnalystOperatorGood morning and welcome to the 2025 Thi ...
The Bank of New York Mellon(BK) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 12:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported record revenue of $5.1 billion, up 9% year-over-year, with earnings per share of $1.88, up 25% year-over-year [3][14] - Pre-tax margin improved to 36%, and return on tangible common equity was 26% [3][16] - Total assets under custody and administration (AUCA) reached $57.8 trillion, up 11% year-over-year [14] - Net interest income was $1.2 billion, up 18% year-over-year, driven by reinvestment of maturing investment securities at higher yields [15][17] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Security Services segment reported total revenue of $2.5 billion, up 11% year-over-year, with investment services fees also up 11% [18] - Market and Wealth Services segment revenue was $1.8 billion, up 14% year-over-year, with net new assets of $3 billion driven by inflows from existing and new clients [21] - Investment and Wealth Management segment revenue was $824 million, down 3% year-over-year, with assets under management flat at $2.1 trillion [22][23] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The U.S. economy remained resilient despite a cooling labor market and persistent inflation [3][4] - Equity markets continued to climb, and credit spreads remained tight, contributing to solid growth in client balances and robust trading activity [4] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on two core transformation programs: a new commercial model and a platforms operating model, both showing positive results [5][9] - The company is embracing AI, launching the BNY AI Lab in collaboration with Carnegie Mellon University to advance AI research and deployment [10][11] - The company aims to enhance its digital asset capabilities and has made significant investments in this area, including partnerships for tokenization and blockchain initiatives [7][8][76] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to navigate uncertainties such as geopolitical conditions and trade policies while executing its strategy [4][13] - The company expects net interest income for the fourth quarter to be approximately flat sequentially, projecting a full-year increase of 12% year-over-year [25] - Management highlighted the importance of a diversified platform-oriented strategy to capitalize on various market conditions [32][33] Other Important Information - The company returned approximately $1.2 billion of capital to shareholders, resulting in a 92% total payout ratio year-to-date [17] - The transition to the platforms operating model is expected to be completed within the next year, with full benefits anticipated by early 2028 [9] Q&A Session Summary Question: How much of this growth year over year would you attribute to actions that you've taken versus just a generally good market backdrop? - Management indicated that the growth is a mix of organic growth, higher market levels, and foreign exchange impacts, with a balanced contribution from each factor [27][29] Question: Can you expand a little bit more about de-risking the balance sheet and how you've changed your approach towards interest rate risk management? - Management emphasized the strength and liquidity of the balance sheet, noting proactive measures taken to position for potential lower interest rates [36][39] Question: What early trends have you seen on the back of M&A activity regarding securities lending? - Management noted no significant changes in securities lending but highlighted the importance of the business within the broader collateral management franchise [46][48] Question: Do you think the rise of stablecoins could put pressure on fee rates? - Management viewed the evolution of money market funds and stablecoins as an opportunity rather than turbulence, emphasizing the company's readiness to adapt to technological changes [56][58] Question: How does the company view the total addressable market (TAM) for digital assets? - Management sees digital assets as a long-term opportunity, with investments made to position the company for various aspects of the evolving market [75][77]
The Bank of New York Mellon(BK) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-16 12:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - BNY Mellon reported record revenue of $5.1 billion, up 9% year-over-year, with a pre-tax margin improvement to 36% and a return on tangible common equity of 26% [3][16] - Earnings per share reached $1.88, reflecting a 25% increase year-over-year [3][16] - Total assets under custody and administration (AUCA) increased to $57.8 trillion, up 11% year-over-year [14] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Security Services segment revenue was $2.5 billion, up 11% year-over-year, with investment services fees also increasing by 11% [18] - Market and Wealth Services segment reported total revenue of $1.8 billion, up 14% year-over-year, with investment services fees rising by 9% [20] - Investment and Wealth Management segment revenue decreased to $824 million, down 3% year-over-year, with investment management fees down 1% [22] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The U.S. economy remained resilient despite a cooling labor market and persistent inflation above the Federal Reserve's target [3] - Equity markets continued to rise, and credit spreads remained tight, contributing to solid growth in client balances and robust trading activity [4] Company Strategy and Development Direction - BNY Mellon is focused on reimagining its operations through two core transformation programs: a new commercial model and a platforms operating model [4][10] - The company is embracing AI, launching the BNY AI Lab in collaboration with Carnegie Mellon University to advance AI research and deployment [10] - The firm is also investing in digital assets and blockchain technology to support institutional adoption and enhance product offerings [8][10] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to navigate uncertainties, including geopolitical conditions and trade policies, while executing its transformation strategy [4][12] - The company anticipates continued organic growth driven by its integrated solutions and the successful implementation of its commercial model [5][10] Other Important Information - BNY Mellon returned approximately $1.2 billion of capital to shareholders, resulting in a 92% total payout ratio year-to-date [17] - The firm expects net interest income for the fourth quarter to be approximately flat sequentially, projecting a full-year increase of 12% year-over-year [25] Q&A Session Summary Question: How much of this growth year over year would you attribute to actions that you've taken versus just a generally good market backdrop? - Management indicated that the growth is a mix of organic growth, higher market levels, and foreign exchange impacts, with the commercial model and platform operating model positioning the company to take advantage of market opportunities [27][29] Question: Can you expand a little bit more about de-risking the balance sheet and how you've changed your approach towards interest rate risk management? - Management highlighted the sophistication of their risk management tools and the strength of their balance sheet, which has allowed them to navigate seasonal declines in deposits while capitalizing on capital markets activity [36][38] Question: What early trends have you seen on the back of M&A activity regarding securities lending? - Management noted that while they haven't seen a noticeable change in securities lending, they remain focused on the business and its adjacency to broader collateral management services [42][44] Question: Is the move towards on-chain tokenization disruptive from revenue margins for BNY Mellon? - Management views the evolution towards on-chain capabilities as a tangible revenue opportunity rather than a risk, emphasizing their readiness to adapt to technological changes in the market [78][79]