Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Guide to Mobility for Livable Pacific Cities | Part I: Priority Actions for a Car-Lite Future1 Part I: is complemented by Part II: Practitioners' Handbook to Implement the Priority Actions MOBILITY FOR LIVABLE PACIFIC CITIES Priority Actions for a Car-Lite Future Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-47 ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Combating Heat in Cities Operationalizing the Urban Heat Agenda at the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Hyunji Lee, Jonathan Hasoloan, Hogeun Park, Terri B. Chapman, and José Siri Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of integrating conflict-sensitive approaches in Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs) to address the interlinkages between climate change, natural resource management, and fragility in conflict-affected situations [7][9][10] - It highlights the need for a holistic approach to tackle the impacts of fragility, conflict, and violence, particularly in relation to natural resource access and climate variability [8][9] - The report identifies untapped opportunities for enhancing climate change initiatives by adopting conflict-sensitive strategies early in program development [9] Section Summaries Section I: Key Natural Resource Management Considerations for CCDR Development in FCS - This section outlines key priorities for CCDR development, focusing on the nexus of fragility, conflict, environment, and natural resource management [13] - It discusses the high dependence on natural resources in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS) and how this dependence can escalate tensions and conflicts [17][18] - The report provides examples of how CCDRs have incorporated the linkages between natural resources, climate change, and conflict dynamics [9][10] Chapter 1: Climate Change and Development - The chapter examines the relationship between natural resource dependency and vulnerability to climate and security risks, emphasizing the need to identify opportunities for mitigating risks [15] - It raises questions regarding the role of natural resources in national economies and the impacts of climate change on different population groups [15] Chapter 2: Country Climate Commitments, Policies, and Capacities - This chapter addresses the weak institutional capacity to manage climate change impacts on natural resources, highlighting the need for coherent climate-friendly policies [28][29] - It discusses the challenges posed by fragile institutional frameworks in implementing climate actions and the importance of mobilizing private sector investment [31] Chapter 3: Sectoral Deep Dives - The chapter summarizes risks and drivers associated with different sectors and natural resources, emphasizing the need for investments to avoid negative externalities that could exacerbate existing FCV dynamics [36] - It categorizes natural resources into non-renewable and renewable resources, discussing the conflict dynamics associated with each category [36][37] Conclusion and Recommendations - The report concludes with recommendations for integrating conflict-sensitive approaches in CCDRs to enhance resilience and address vulnerabilities in FCS [10][12]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the childcare services industry in Cambodia Core Insights - The report emphasizes the critical need for improved access to childcare services to enhance women's labor force participation and overall economic growth in Cambodia [15][16][22] - It highlights the significant gap in childcare coverage, particularly for children under three years old, where only 3.2% were utilizing services as of 2012/13 [17][45] - The Cambodian government has made legal and policy commitments to expand childcare services, but implementation gaps remain [18][22] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Cambodia's economy has benefited from high female labor force participation at 74%, yet women face challenges in accessing formal employment due to unpaid care responsibilities [15][37] - The report identifies that improved access to childcare can alleviate time constraints and promote economic growth [16][19] Chapter 1: The Case for Childcare - Access to affordable childcare is linked to better labor market outcomes for women, enhancing family income and overall economic growth [32][34] - Women in Cambodia perform 90% of unpaid care work, significantly impacting their employment opportunities [37] Chapter 2: The Childcare Landscape in Cambodia - Approximately one-third of children aged three to five are enrolled in preschool, with a significant reliance on public and community-based services [43][44] - The report notes that formal childcare services for children under three are rare, with most care provided informally by family members [48] Chapter 3: The Supply—Service Types and Characteristics - The report discusses the characteristics of childcare services, including operating hours, caretaker qualifications, and challenges faced by childcare centers [20][22] - It highlights the lack of regulation and quality assurance mechanisms for childcare services, particularly for those serving children under three [20][22] Chapter 4: Demand for Childcare - Family demand for childcare is limited due to supply-side constraints, including insufficient operating hours and quality of services [21][22] - The report indicates that parents' willingness to pay for childcare is lower than the average costs, influenced by service quality and operating hours [21] Chapter 5: Recommendations - The report outlines policy priorities to improve childcare services, including expanding access, improving service quality, and addressing social perceptions of childcare [22][23] - Recommendations include developing a governance framework for childcare, enhancing workforce training, and increasing public awareness of the benefits of early childhood education [22][23]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The economy of Sri Lanka has stabilized, recording four quarters of growth after critical structural and policy reforms, but the recovery remains fragile and dependent on continued macroeconomic stability and successful debt restructuring [15][21] - GDP growth was robust at 5 percent year-on-year in the first half of 2024, driven by a rebound in the industrial sector and strong performance in tourism-related services [16][37] - The current account strengthened, driven by increased tourism receipts and remittances, contributing to an estimated balance of payments surplus [16][20] - Poverty remains high, with food insecurity widespread and labor force participation declining [17][21] Summary by Sections A. Macroeconomic Developments - The economy grew by 5 percent year-on-year in H1 2024, with external balances improving and inflation remaining in low single digits [16][18] - Fiscal balances strengthened with tax revenue increasing by 42.6 percent year-on-year in the first half of 2024, primarily due to higher VAT collection [17] - Despite economic growth, households face pressure from elevated poverty levels and declining health outcomes [17][18] B. Opening Up to the Future - Reviving exports is crucial for sustainable growth, with Sri Lanka's untapped export potential estimated at about US$10 billion annually [24][27] - The share of goods and services exports to GDP has been declining, reaching its lowest point of 15 percent in 2020, indicating a lack of diversification [25][27] - Structural reforms are necessary to enhance competitiveness and export orientation, including reducing tariffs and simplifying trade procedures [29][32] - Sri Lanka has opportunities to capitalize on shifts in global value chains due to geopolitical changes and supply chain disruptions [30][31]

Investment Rating - The report suggests a positive outlook on public investment in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), indicating that public investment can significantly boost economic growth [3][12]. Core Insights - Public investment can increase output by 1.1 percent after five years for every 1 percent of GDP increase in public investment, with potential increases up to 1.6 percent in cases of high efficiency and ample fiscal space [12][13]. - The effectiveness of public investment multipliers is greater during recessions and in capital-scarce economies, with public investment also having crowding-in effects on private investment [12][13]. - The report emphasizes the importance of public investment efficiency and fiscal space in determining the magnitude of its impact on economic growth [12][13]. Summary by Sections Introduction - Public investment is a crucial policy tool for fostering economic growth in EMDEs, especially in the context of significant investment gaps and a slump in private investment [7][8]. Methodology - The report employs a new approach to measure public investment shocks based on cyclically adjusted government investment, analyzing data from 129 countries over the period from 1980 to 2019 [10][36]. Empirical Results - Public investment shocks lead to a gradual increase in output, with a notable increase from 0.4 percent after one year to 1.1 percent after five years for a 1 percent of GDP increase in public investment [55]. - The report highlights significant heterogeneity in the effects of public investment across different EMDEs, with higher-income EMDEs experiencing stronger impacts compared to low-income countries [56].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the hotel industry in Malaysia. Core Insights - The study finds that smaller hotels are more efficient in dealing with market volatility compared to larger hotels, with a significant positive impact of higher volatility on the efficiency of smaller hotels and a negative impact on larger hotels [11][37] - The research highlights that higher women's ownership in hotels contributes to better handling of volatility, indicating a gendered effect on hotel efficiency [12][52] Summary by Sections Introduction - The hotel industry in Malaysia experiences significant market demand volatility, which affects occupancy rates and operational efficiency [8] - The paper investigates how hotel size influences efficiency in the context of market volatility, suggesting that smaller hotels are more adaptable [8][9] Literature Review - Previous studies indicate mixed results regarding the impact of demand volatility on hotel performance, with many finding negative effects [9][15] - The relationship between firm size and efficiency has been explored, with smaller firms generally exhibiting greater flexibility in response to market changes [18][19] Methodology - The study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure hotel efficiency, focusing on input-oriented models and variable returns to scale [20][22] - The analysis uses a nationally representative sample of private hotels in Malaysia, with 90 hotels included in the baseline sample [25] Results - A one standard deviation increase in occupancy rate volatility is associated with a 14.2% increase in efficiency for smaller hotels (25th percentile) and an 18.1% decrease for larger hotels (75th percentile) [11][37] - The interaction between hotel size and volatility is statistically significant, indicating that smaller hotels benefit from volatility while larger hotels suffer [37][40] Robustness Checks - The findings are robust across various efficiency measures, including bias-corrected and super efficiency models [39][40] - Alternative measures of hotel size and volatility confirm the main results, reinforcing the conclusion that smaller hotels are better equipped to handle market fluctuations [41][43] Extensions - The report explores the impact of volatility on scale efficiency, finding a negative relationship that is significant across specifications [48] - It also examines the differences between women-led and men-led hotels, revealing that higher women's ownership correlates with a less adverse impact of volatility on efficiency [52]

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CAMBODIA GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Cambodia Country Gender Action Plan FY25–FY29 Cambodia Country Gender Action Plan FY25–FY29 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS | --- | --- | |---------|---------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | ADB | Asian Development Bank | | AF | Additional Financing | | ASA | Advisory Services and Analytics | | ASEAN | Association of Southeast A ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Guinea-Bissau possesses the highest natural capital per capita in West Africa, estimated at US$3,874, which can be leveraged for sustainable growth despite facing significant development challenges such as high poverty rates and political instability [15][32] - Climate change poses a severe threat to agriculture, fisheries, and infrastructure, potentially leading to a 7.3% reduction in real GDP per capita by 2050 and increasing poverty levels [16][21] - The country has high mitigation ambitions, targeting a 30% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, but faces challenges due to political instability and limited financial resources [17][18] Summary by Sections Chapter 1: Climate and Development - Guinea-Bissau's development context highlights its wealth in natural resources but also its underdevelopment, with a GDP per capita of US$775 and high poverty rates [31][32] - Political instability has significantly hampered economic progress, with the country experiencing numerous coups since independence [33][34] Chapter 2: Enabling Environment for Managing Climate Change - The financial sector is underdeveloped, limiting its ability to support green investments, although reforms could enhance resilience [17][18] Chapter 3: Development and Climate Priorities - Immediate actions are needed in agriculture to implement climate-smart practices and diversify crops, particularly focusing on cashew nut production, which dominates the economy [21][22] - Forest conservation is crucial for sustainable development, with mangroves playing a significant role in climate adaptation and mitigation [23][24] Chapter 4: Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Climate Change - The report discusses the macroeconomic impacts of climate change, indicating that without adaptation, GDP could decrease by up to 4.1% by 2050 [21][22] Chapter 5: Climate Financing - Concessional climate financing is essential due to the underdeveloped financial sector, and initiatives like the BioGuinea Foundation offer opportunities for biodiversity preservation [18][19] Chapter 6: Conclusions and Priorities - The report emphasizes the need for a cohesive approach that integrates development and climate strategies, focusing on governance, economic diversification, and investment in sustainable agriculture [19][27]