Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry analyzed Core Insights - The interaction between credit guarantee and employment protection programs during crises, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial for understanding their impact on firm indebtedness and risk [3][8] - The Chilean public credit guarantee program represents 4.6% of GDP, while the employment insurance program accounts for 0.62% of GDP, indicating a significant disparity in the scale of these interventions [9][24] - Riskier firms are more likely to obtain credit guarantee loans, while the employment program's uptake is not significantly associated with risk, suggesting different incentives for firms [11][12] - The coexistence of both programs helps mitigate the increase in firm indebtedness, as firms receiving employment benefits have less need for credit [12][17] - The aggregate expected loss from the credit program is estimated at 0.27% of GDP, with 41% absorbed by the government and 59% by the banking system [14][15] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses how government interventions during economic crises aim to assist firms while balancing the risk of increasing overall indebtedness [7] Government Crisis Credit and Employment Programs - The Chilean government implemented two major programs to support firms during the pandemic: a public credit guarantee program and an employment protection program [24][25] - The credit program allows for significant liquidity access, while the employment program covers salaries for workers not currently employed [26][27] Credit Distribution Across Firms - The report analyzes the selection of firms into the credit and employment programs based on their risk profiles and sales growth [39] - A significant portion of firms, approximately 24%, utilized guaranteed loans by December 2020, indicating a robust uptake compared to other Latin American countries [28] Risk and Selection - The credit allocation is characterized by a shift towards riskier firms, with demand factors driving the expansion of indebtedness [13] - The report highlights that banks are more cautious in approving loans for riskier firms, indicating a balance between demand and supply in credit allocation [13] Aggregate Implications - The report concludes that the design of the credit program, including caps on credit amounts and interest rate ceilings, helps mitigate risks associated with lending to risky firms [18][19] - The findings suggest that the lessons learned from the Chilean experience could inform future credit and employment policy responses to crises [18]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The South Asia Regional Trade Facilitation Program (SARTFP) aims to enhance regional connectivity and promote women's economic empowerment through trade facilitation, particularly in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal [6][18] - SARTFP has informed over $10 billion in World Bank investments through various activities focused on transport connectivity, trade facilitation, and local enterprise development [7] - The program emphasizes gender inclusion, ensuring that women stakeholders benefit equitably from regional integration efforts [16][18] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report outlines the importance of grassroots women producers and entrepreneurs, highlighting the need for knowledge sharing and advocacy to scale successful interventions for women's economic empowerment [9] Road to Jobs and Dignity - The WeCARE Program in Bangladesh has employed 795 women in road construction and maintenance, providing them with skills and enabling them to achieve self-sufficiency [27][33] - Childcare facilities have been integrated into projects to support women's participation in the workforce [33] Women at the Forefront of Revitalizing Tourism - The Buddhist Circuit Development Project aims to enhance local economic development and tourism, with a focus on empowering women through community-led enterprises [36][41] Sailing the Uncharted Waters - The Assam Inland Water Transport Project has improved safety and efficiency for women operators in the transportation sector, encouraging their participation in economic activities [50][54] Building Agri-Entrepreneurs Across South Asia - The report highlights the role of women in the cardamom value chain in Nepal, showcasing successful entrepreneurs who have improved their businesses through training and support [58][63] Empowering Women in the Power and Utilities Sector - The WePower initiative aims to increase women's participation in the energy sector through training and policy changes, addressing gender gaps in this traditionally male-dominated field [67][73]

blic Disclosure Authori | --- | --- | |-------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | Part II is the support to Part I: Priority Actions for a Car-Lite Future | | | GUIDE TO | isclosure Authoriz 2 Guide to Mobility for Livable Pacific Cities | Part II: Practitioners' Handbook to Implement the Priority Actions © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.w ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10957 Designing Air Quality Measurement Systems in Data-Scarce Settings Bridget Hoffmann Sveta Milusheva Public Disclosure Authorized Development Economics Development Impact Group October 2024 Policy Research Working Paper 10957 Abstract While populations in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to some of the highest levels of air pollution and its consequences, the majority of econo ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights significant trade restructuring driven by lower-cost advanced technologies, rising offshore labor costs, and recent shocks such as COVID-19 and geopolitical tensions [4][10] - U.S. imports from countries like Mexico and Vietnam have increased significantly from 2017 to 2023, while imports from China and Japan have declined [4][12] - The restructuring has led to increased wage inequality and job losses in offshoring countries, particularly affecting low-skilled workers [4][15] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses the interconnectedness of global production and the shift from offshoring to reshoring due to various economic factors [8][9] Trade Restructuring Patterns - U.S. and EU markets are undergoing significant trade reorientation, with emerging economies gaining market shares at the expense of traditional partners like China [22][24] - The textile, apparel, and semiconductor sectors have seen notable shifts in import sources, with countries like Vietnam and Mexico increasing their shares [23][24] Drivers of Trade Reorientation - The U.S.-China trade war and other geopolitical factors have influenced trade patterns, with country-specific characteristics playing a significant role in export growth [29][31] - Key factors influencing market share gains include labor productivity, logistics capability, and technological readiness [13][50] Labor Market and Welfare Implications - Trade restructuring has led to increased wage inequality and job displacement, particularly affecting low-skilled workers in developing countries [52][53] - Automation and reshoring have created jobs for high-skilled workers while negatively impacting low-skilled employment [54][55] - Recent protectionist measures have raised consumer costs and reduced product variety, leading to significant welfare losses [57][58] Conclusion - The report concludes that ongoing trade restructuring is likely to persist, with significant implications for both developed and developing countries [63][64] - Policy dialogue should focus on preventing trade fragmentation and mitigating adverse welfare effects [64]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the GovTech industry in Jordan Core Insights - The Government of Jordan is implementing a user-centric service delivery model through the "SANAD" platform, supported by the World Bank, to improve public service efficiency and attract private investment [7][8] - As of the end of 2023, SANAD has integrated over 500 digital services, with a goal of reaching 2,400 services by the end of 2025 [8][36] - The digital ID initiative has seen approximately 810,000 activations, with plans to expand eligibility to non-Jordanians in 2024 [9][38] - The GovTech strategy aims to enhance public trust and service delivery, addressing high unemployment and economic uncertainty in Jordan [7][20] Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - GovTech represents a modern approach to public sector digitalization, focusing on citizen-centric services and efficient government operations [15][16] 2. Overview: GovTech in Jordan - The Jordanian government aims to improve its business climate and job creation through digital transformation, with significant support from the World Bank [20][21] - The Digital Transformation Strategy adopted in 2021 outlines the framework for public sector modernization [22] 3. World Bank Support for GovTech in Jordan - The World Bank is actively enabling GovTech initiatives across four focus areas: core government systems, public service delivery, citizen engagement, and GovTech enablers [27][28] - Key projects include the Jordan Youth, Technology and Jobs project, which supports the design and management of the SANAD platform [34] 4. GovTech in Jordan through Five Lenses - The report evaluates GovTech initiatives through lenses such as objectives, control, participation, technology, and effects to ensure comprehensive analysis [47][48]

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10956 Fading Away Informality by Development M. Nazım Tamkoç Public Disclosure Authorized Development Economics Global Indicators Group October 2024 Policy Research Working Paper 10956 Abstract This paper focuses on the role of development in informality through higher wages and expanded production possibilities. First, it uses informal, plant-level survey data across countries to document th ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the Municipality of Heraklion Core Insights - The Municipality of Heraklion has experienced significant economic growth, with total firm turnover increasing from €2.38 billion to €4.1 billion between 2015 and 2019, indicating a robust economic performance [12] - Tourism is a key driver of the local economy, contributing approximately 33% to the GDP of the region of Crete, with annual visitor numbers reaching around 1 to 2 million for Heraklion and 5 million for Crete [12] - The region is recognized for its strong human capital, supported by prominent educational institutions and research centers, which enhances its attractiveness for foreign technology companies [12] Quick Facts on Region and Municipal Area - Heraklion is the fourth largest city in Greece and serves as the administrative capital of Crete, with a population of 179,302 as of 2021, reflecting a growth of 3.1% from 2011 [11][14] - The city is home to significant cultural and historical sites, including the Archaeological Site of Knossos, which attracted over 920,000 visitors in 2023 [11] Demographics - The active population in Heraklion is approximately 79,369, with a labor force participation rate of 73.2% [17][20] - Educational attainment shows that 21.3% of the active population holds university degrees, while 3.8% have completed postgraduate studies [18] Structural Composition of the Economy - As of 2020, there were 36,792 registered enterprises in Heraklion, marking a 27% increase from 2015 [27] - The agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector accounts for 54% of registered enterprises, while wholesale trade represents 12% [27][31] Sectoral Analysis - Employment is concentrated in wholesale and retail trade (18%), agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (16%), and education (13%) [33] - The number of registered enterprises increased across nearly all sectors from 2015 to 2020, with notable growth in agriculture and real estate management [28][30] Economic Performance - The total turnover of firms in Heraklion grew significantly, with wholesale and retail trade generating the highest average turnover per firm [12] - Employment in medium and high-skilled jobs accounted for 84% of the workforce as of 2022, indicating a shift towards higher skill levels in the labor market [22] Investment Opportunities - Key sectors for potential growth include tourism, ICT, and biotechnology, supported by strategic infrastructure projects [12] - The hospitality sector has attracted significant domestic and foreign investment, with numerous hotel acquisitions and developments since 2020 [12]

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Guide to Mobility for Livable Pacific Cities | Part I: Priority Actions for a Car-Lite Future1 Part I: is complemented by Part II: Practitioners' Handbook to Implement the Priority Actions MOBILITY FOR LIVABLE PACIFIC CITIES Priority Actions for a Car-Lite Future Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-47 ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Combating Heat in Cities Operationalizing the Urban Heat Agenda at the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Hyunji Lee, Jonathan Hasoloan, Hogeun Park, Terri B. Chapman, and José Siri Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World ...