"人民至上，生命至上"不是一句空话。北京市防汛部门有关负责人说，只有当1小时降雨量预计超 过100毫米，或6小时降雨量超过150毫米时，才会发布暴雨红色预警。极端天气已成为新常态，预警和 对应的响应则是必须的"安全警报"。全民树立防汛安全意识，才能最大程度降低灾害带来的损失。 汛期安全观如何更新？ 面对愈发频繁的极端天气，提升对极端天气的认知、增强北方城市的汛期安全观，已成为城市管理 者和市民群众的"必修课"。 瞬时强降雨，让人措手不及。人们不禁发问，气象预报能不能再准些？中国气象服务协会会长许小 峰说，极端强降水往往呈现出分散性、点状分布特点，预报难以准确捕捉其发展趋势和具体影响范围。 同时，山区小尺度强对流天气变化非常快，精准预报预警的难度更大。 今年"七下八上"主汛期，北方多地遭遇极端强降雨。北京市密云、延庆、怀柔、平谷等山区突发山 洪；河北省承德市滦平县等地发生山体滑坡；甘肃省兰州市榆中县出现山洪灾害……造成重大人员伤亡 和财产损失。 半月谈记者在采访中发现，不少人感慨，以前少雨的北方，开始出现"几天下了一年的雨"的现象。 主汛期已过，一场场如注的暴雨之后，是极端天气愈加频繁的现实，北方城市如何更新汛 ...

2025 年 10 月 9 日， 深圳大学 李清泉 院士、 杨超 助理教授等 ， 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： Tropical forest carbon offsets deliver partial gains amid persistent over-crediting 的研究论文。 该研究分析了来自南美洲、非洲和东南亚 12 个国家的 52 个 REDD+ 避免意外毁林项目， 发现这些项目的气候效益高于以往研究，但总体成效仍然较低 ，仅有 19% 的项目达到了它们自 己报告的减排目标， 且 项目成功情况和高估程度在各国之间差异很大。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 森林退化 是 温室气体排放 的一个主要来源， 因此，通过保护森林的碳补偿项目，例如 REDD+ （ 减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量增强版 ） ， 来抵消其他地区 的温室气体排放，并在 自愿碳市场 中进行交易。然而，这些项目的有效性近期 受到了质疑 ， 导致碳补偿价值下降。 REDD+ （ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Plus ） ， ...

【环球时报特约记者 晨阳】近年来全球极端天气频发，已经引起各国科学界的广泛关注。根据美国国 家航空航天局（NASA）卫星观测数据作出的最新报告显示，在过去20年间，地球反射太阳光的能力明 显下降，也就是通俗所说的"全球变暗"，可能将进一步加剧全球气候变化带来的影响。 美国Discovery杂志网站7日称，20多年来，地球一直在缓慢变暗。研究人员对NASA云和地球辐射能量 系统（CERES）24年间收集到的统计数据进行分析后发现，地球逐渐变暗的原因是地球反射的阳光减 少，其中北半球的变暗更为显著。"尽管地球表面反射的太阳光只发生了微小的变化，却在悄无声息地 改变地球的气候平衡。" 据介绍，早在20世纪90年代，科学家就发现了"全球变暗"的现象。造成这种变化的原因很多，当时更受 关注的因素是太阳辐射的逐年减少。统计显示，从20世纪50年代到90年代，美国地表接收到的太阳能量 下降了10%，苏联地区的降幅则高达30%。2005年，《科学》杂志发表的一篇论文称，从1990年开始， 持续数十年的"全球变暗"过程宣告结束，地球表面日趋明亮。 联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第四次评估报告（2007）中也表示：" ...

"全球气温形势基本保持不变，陆地和海洋表面温度持续居高不下。" 9日，欧盟气候监测机构哥白尼气候变化服务局表示，刚刚过去的9月是全球有纪录以来第三热的9月，平均地表气温为16.11°C， 比 1991~2020年9月平均气温高出0.66°C。 具体而言，2025年9月比有纪录以来最热的2023年9月低0.27°C，仅比2024年9月低0.07°C。 该机构气候战略负责人伯吉斯（Samantha Burgess）表示："2025年9月的全球气温是有纪录以来第三高的9月，几乎与2024年9月 持平，但比2024年9月低了不到十分之一度。一年过去了，全球气温形势基本保持不变，陆地和海洋表面温度持续居高不下，反 映出温室气体在大气中积累的持续影响。" 只有西欧部分地区的气温低于平均水平，通常比平均水平低不到1°C。 在欧洲以外，加拿大、格陵兰岛部分地区、西伯利亚最西北部及其邻近沿海地区以及南极洲大部分地区的气温高于平均水平。 全球范围内，仅有西伯利亚中北部、澳大利亚西部和南极洲东部部分地区出现明显的负温异常。 9月全球同热 哥白尼气候变化服务局的数据显示，2025年9月的温度比用于定义工业化前水平的1850-1900 ...

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition marks a significant achievement in enhancing the country's understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic environment and its implications for global climate change [1][3][5] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved the "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Explorer Three" vessels, making it China's largest Arctic scientific investigation to date [5] - The "Deep Sea One" vessel successfully conducted China's first manned deep dive in the Arctic ice zone using the "Jiaolong" manned submersible [5] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The expedition achieved important progress in multi-disciplinary investigations and collaborative observations in the Arctic, enhancing the capability for synchronous monitoring of the Arctic Ocean [3] - The research revealed significant variations in benthic organism density, biodiversity, and individual size across spatial ranges of tens to hundreds of kilometers, providing insights into the spatial distribution patterns of polar deep-sea organisms and the impact of climate change on deep-sea ecosystems [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful return of the "Xuelong 2" icebreaker from the 15th Arctic scientific expedition, marking China's largest Arctic scientific investigation to date [1] Group 1 - The "Xuelong 2" icebreaker, carrying 100 members of the 15th Arctic scientific expedition team, returned to Shanghai on September 26 [1] - The expedition was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and involved four vessels: "Xuelong 2," "Jidi," "Deep Sea One," and "Exploration Three" [1] - This Arctic investigation was part of the national key research and development plan, enhancing China's understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic and its impacts [1] Group 2 - The findings from this expedition provide significant support for understanding and effectively responding to global climate change [1]

这次北极考察统筹实施了国家重点研发计划相关任务，进一步提升了我国对北冰洋快速变化及其影 响的认识，为深入理解和有效应对全球气候变化提供了重要支撑。 9月26日，搭载着100名中国第15次北冰洋科学考察队队员的"雪龙2"号极地科考破冰船顺利返回上 海。由自然资源部组织的本次北冰洋科考，由"雪龙2"号、"极地"号、"深海一号"和"探索三号"四船共 同实施，是我国规模最大的一次北冰洋科学考察。 ——长期准实时监测浮冰漂移过程以及冰下水文和生态变化，为进一步揭示北冰洋多圈层季节性演 变及其内在机理提供支撑。 ——首次按不同水深梯度和时间尺度布放多套海底生物影像观测系统，获取了多要素、多层次、多 时空尺度的冰边缘区调查数据；多次捕捉到次表层叶绿素的极大值现象，增进了对北极"海雪"形成机制 的理解，为深入研究北极冰边缘区生态系统对海冰消退的响应奠定了基础。（记者刘诗平、魏弘毅） 其中，"雪龙2"号、"极地"号双船在楚科奇海台、加拿大海盆和北冰洋中央区域完成了海洋环境综 合考察、载人深潜保障等任务，在冰边缘区多学科综合调查、气—冰—海立体协同观测等方面取得重要 进展。 ——两船在高纬海域开展协同作业，提升了北冰洋考察同步观 ...

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition, marked by the return of the "Xuelong 2" vessel, enhances understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic and its global climate impact [1][2] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Xuelong 2," "Jidi," "Shenhai Yihao," and "Tansuo Sanhao," making it the largest Arctic scientific investigation conducted by China [1] - The mission was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and aimed to support national key research and development tasks [1] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The expedition improved synchronous observation capabilities in the Arctic, filling data gaps in high-latitude marine areas and enhancing ocean environment forecasting abilities [2] - Long-term monitoring of ice drift and ecological changes under the ice provides insights into seasonal variations and underlying mechanisms in the Arctic [2] - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging systems at different depths and time scales yielded comprehensive data on the ice edge zone [2] Group 3: Deep-Sea Exploration - The "Shenhai Yihao" vessel, supported by "Xuelong 2," successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic ice zone, indicating advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities [2] - Initial findings reveal significant variations in benthic organism density, biodiversity, and individual size across spatial ranges of tens to hundreds of kilometers, aiding in understanding the spatial distribution of polar deep-sea organisms and assessing climate change impacts on deep-sea ecosystems [2]

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition by the "Snow Dragon 2" ship marks a significant advancement in understanding the rapid changes in the Arctic and their global climate implications [1][2] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Explorer Three," making it the largest Arctic scientific investigation conducted by China [1] - The mission was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and aimed to enhance China's research capabilities in the Arctic region [1] Group 2: Scientific Achievements - Collaborative operations between "Snow Dragon 2" and "Polar" in high-latitude marine areas improved synchronous observation capabilities, filling data gaps in the Arctic [2] - Long-term monitoring of ice drift and underwater ecological changes provided insights into seasonal variations and mechanisms in the Arctic [2] - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging systems at various depths yielded extensive data on the ice edge zone, enhancing understanding of the "sea-snow" formation mechanisms [2] Group 3: Deep Sea Exploration - The "Deep Sea One" ship, supported by "Snow Dragon 2," successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic, showcasing advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities [2] - Initial findings indicated significant variations in benthic organism density, diversity, and size across distances of tens to hundreds of kilometers, aiding in understanding the spatial distribution of polar deep-sea ecosystems [2]

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition by the "Snow Dragon 2" ship marks a significant achievement in understanding the rapidly changing Arctic environment and its implications for global climate change [1][2] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Explorer Three," making it China's largest Arctic scientific investigation [1] - The mission was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and aimed to implement national key research and development plans [1] Group 2: Scientific Achievements - Collaborative operations between "Snow Dragon 2" and "Polar" enhanced synchronous observation capabilities in high-latitude Arctic regions, filling data gaps and supporting marine environmental forecasting [2] - Long-term monitoring of ice drift and underwater ecological changes provided insights into seasonal variations and underlying mechanisms in the Arctic [2] - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging systems at various depths yielded extensive data on the ice edge zone, contributing to the understanding of the "sea-snow" formation mechanism and the ecological responses to sea ice retreat [2] Group 3: Deep-Sea Exploration - The "Deep Sea One" ship, supported by "Snow Dragon 2," successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic ice zone, indicating advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities [2] - Preliminary studies revealed significant spatial variations in benthic organism density, diversity, and size across Arctic seabed areas, aiding in the assessment of climate change impacts on deep-sea ecosystems [2]