今年5月22日 是第25个国际生物多样性日 近年来 地球生物多样性面临威胁 许多动物物种已经灭绝 让人扼腕叹息 0:00 这次我们和上海自然博物馆的研究员一道 将已经灭绝的珍稀物种 通过AI技术"复原" 转发传递 让我们再看一眼 "消失的朋友" 【白鱀豚】 Lipotes vexillifer 2006年 被宣布功能性灭绝 【袋狼】 0:00 【大海牛】 Hydrodamalis gigas 1768年 灭绝 0:00 【大海雀】 Pinguinus impennis 1844年 灭绝 0:00 Thylacinus cynocephalus 1936年 最后圈养个体"本哲明"死亡 因50年无野外确认记录 1986年澳大利亚官方正式宣布灭绝 0:00 【渡渡鸟】 Raphus cucullatuss 灭绝时间有三个主要说法： 1662年 1681年 1688年—1715年之间 0:00 【卡罗莱纳长尾鹦鹉】 Conuropsis carolinensis 灭绝时间 1918年 最后个体"因卡" 死于美国辛辛那提动物园 0:00 【旅鸽】 Ectopistes migratorius 灭绝时间 1914年 最后 ...

Core Viewpoint - The discovery of the rare plant Eulophia zollingeri (leafless beauty orchid) in Guangdong Hongshan Forest Park highlights the park's high ecological environment and biodiversity, emphasizing its role as an urban ecological green lung [3][8][10]. Group 1: Discovery and Characteristics - Two rare specimens of Eulophia zollingeri were discovered for the first time in Guangdong Hongshan Forest Park [3]. - This plant is notable for its unique leafless feature and its reliance on underground tubers and symbiotic fungi for survival [4][5]. - The survival conditions for Eulophia zollingeri are extremely harsh, typically found only in unpolluted mountainous forests [7]. Group 2: Ecological Significance - The discovery indicates a high level of coordination and balance among the park's fungal communities, pollinating insects, and microclimate conditions, serving as strong evidence of ecosystem integrity [8][9]. - The presence of this species adds a unique ecological profile to Hongshan Forest Park and provides valuable samples for studying the adaptive evolution of orchids [13][14]. Group 3: Conservation Efforts - The park management plans to enhance ecological monitoring and explore more natural mysteries while conducting various educational activities to raise public awareness about endangered plants [16][17]. - Visitors are urged not to touch or pick rare plants to help protect this natural heritage [19][24]. Group 4: Protection Status - Although Eulophia zollingeri is not listed in the National Key Protected Wild Plant Directory, it is included in CITES Appendix II, indicating its status as a species under international protection [21]. - Its short flowering period (April to June) and unique survival mechanism make it a marker of high-quality ecological environments [22].

Core Insights - Hainan tropical rainforest is a significant biodiversity hotspot, recognized as a "natural germplasm bank" for fungi, with over 50 new species of large fungi discovered since the establishment of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park [1][8] - The research team led by Professor Zeng Niankai has identified and published over 110 new mushroom species, with approximately two-thirds originating from Hainan's tropical rainforest [1][3] Group 1 - The discovery of new fungal species in Hainan's rainforest is a challenging process, requiring extensive fieldwork to collect specimens and document habitats [3][4] - The time from specimen collection to formal publication of new species can take up to ten years due to the complexities involved in research and verification [4] - Large fungi play a crucial role in ecosystems, facilitating nutrient exchange among plants and decomposing organic matter, which enhances soil fertility [6] Group 2 - Hainan has increased efforts to protect its tropical rainforest, with a priority species list published in 2022 that includes 63 large fungal species based on various ecological criteria [8] - Despite the protective measures, many large fungal resources in Hainan remain undiscovered and underutilized, indicating that research in this area is still in its early stages [8] - Continued investigation into the biodiversity of large fungi is essential for understanding and preserving Hainan's unique ecosystem [8]

Group 1: Tourism and Economic Impact - During the May Day holiday, Changshu received 1.5319 million tourists, a year-on-year increase of 6.33%, generating a total tourism revenue of 138.3998 million yuan, up 4.9% year-on-year, highlighting its appeal as a tourist destination in the Yangtze River Delta region [1] - From 2018 to 2023, wetland-themed parks in Changshu attracted 13.8 million visitors, generating direct tourism revenue of 636 million yuan, significantly benefiting surrounding industries such as dining and accommodation [2] Group 2: Biodiversity and Environmental Protection - Changshu has effectively protected rare and endangered species, with the number of bird species increasing from 136 in 2011 to 328 in 2023, showcasing successful biodiversity conservation efforts [2] - The city has developed a wetland protection model that emphasizes ecological civilization, innovation, and the harmonious coexistence of urban development and wetland conservation [1][2] Group 3: Agricultural Development - Changshu has a pond aquaculture area of 90,200 acres, producing approximately 24,800 tons of various aquatic products annually, with the primary industry output value exceeding 1.463 billion yuan [8] - The ecological and economic benefits of the primary industry have been realized through new technologies and mechanisms, meeting local and international market demands [8] Group 4: Cultural and Creative Industries - The 34th Jiangsu (Changshu) Shanghu Peony Festival integrates technology, culture, and creativity, enhancing the visitor experience and promoting local cultural heritage [10] - Local government initiatives have led to the development of creative products based on local history, such as limited edition peony-themed gifts, contributing to the growth of the cultural and creative industries [10] Group 5: Policy and Legislative Framework - Jiangsu Province has initiated biodiversity baseline surveys across 95 counties, with 93 completed, revealing a total of 8,842 species, including 176 nationally protected species [13] - The implementation of the Jiangsu Provincial Biodiversity Protection Regulations marks a significant step in local biodiversity legislation, following similar efforts in Yunnan and Shandong [13]

近年来，我国系统实施极度濒危野生动物和极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程，通过就地保护、迁地保 护、人工繁育培植、放归或回归自然等多种措施，有效增强了生态系统的服务功能，亚洲象、雪豹、东 北虎、海南长臂猿、黔金丝猴、藏羚、莽山烙铁头蛇、苏铁、兰科植物等300多种珍稀濒危野生动植物 野外种群数量稳中有升。 生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础。我们的衣、食、住、行及精神文化生活的许多方面都与 生物多样性密切相关。 今年5·22国际生物多样性日宣传活动在黑龙江省伊春市举办，将通过多种形式深入宣传习近平生态文明 思想，全面推进美丽中国建设，推动实现"昆蒙框架"目标和落实生物多样性保护重大工程，展示生态文 明建设成就和"中国林都"伊春的生态魅力，指导地方提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性，推进生物 多样性保护主流化，共建地球生命共同体。 中国经济网北京5月22日讯(记者 杨秀峰 李冬阳)生物多样性是地球生命系统的基石，也是城市可持续发 展的绿色基因，今年国际生物多样性日的主题是"万物共生 和美永续"，呼吁以人与自然和谐共生之 道，创和美永续之路，进而推进全球生物多样性保护治理新进程。 "十四五"以来，我国以旗舰物种拯救 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of biodiversity and the urgent need for its protection, highlighting the interconnectedness of human fate and the survival of diverse species on Earth [2][7]. Group 1: Evolution of Life's Colors - The early Earth was predominantly brown, gray, and green, but has evolved into a vibrant world filled with colors due to various evolutionary processes [2][5]. - The evolution of vision played a crucial role in this color explosion, with the development of trichromatic vision around 541 million years ago coinciding with the Cambrian explosion, allowing organisms to better navigate their environments [4][5]. Group 2: Color Revolution in Flora and Fauna - The first color revolution was led by plants, which evolved colorful fruits and flowers approximately 300 to 377 million years ago to attract animals for seed dispersal and pollination [5][6]. - Animal color evolution began around 140 million years ago, with bright colors serving as survival signals for mating, deterring predators, or establishing dominance [5][6]. Group 3: Genetic Diversity and Endangered Species - The loss of genetic diversity is accelerating globally, particularly among birds and mammals, due to habitat destruction, disease, and human activities [10][11]. - A study involving 57 scientists from 20 countries assessed genetic diversity changes in 622 species over 30 years, revealing alarming trends but also highlighting the potential for effective conservation strategies [10][11]. Group 4: Strategies for Conservation - Five key strategies to maintain or restore genetic diversity in endangered species include: 1. **Population Supplementation**: Introducing new individuals to existing populations has shown significant positive effects on genetic diversity, especially in birds [11]. 2. **Population Control**: Removing individuals can sometimes enhance population health by reducing resource competition [12]. 3. **Ecosystem Restoration**: Restoring habitats can help maintain and even increase genetic diversity over time [13]. 4. **Control of Invasive Species**: Managing invasive species can aid in the recovery of endangered populations by reducing competition [14]. 5. **Conservation Translocation**: Establishing populations in new areas or reintroducing them to former habitats can be effective if managed properly [15]. Group 5: Individual Actions for Biodiversity - Individuals can contribute to biodiversity conservation through simple actions such as creating diverse gardens, protecting traditional crop varieties, participating in community conservation efforts, and being responsible in nature [17][18].

编者按：你刷到过"最诗意岗位"的新闻吗？每年夏天，都会有几名志愿者登上浙江的无人岛，守护被称为"神话之鸟"的中华凤头燕鸥——不仅能保护濒 危动物，还能享受海岛美景。2024年夏天，志愿者徐博文从3000多名报名者中脱颖而出，当了两个月的"孤岛守鸟人"。 2003年，陈水华带领团队调查了舟山群岛1300多座岛屿，发现了燕鸥家族的其他成员，但没能找到中华凤头燕鸥。2004年8月1日，调查团队在宁波市象 山县韭山列岛一座名为将军帽的无人岛上，找到了混群在近4000只大凤头燕鸥中的15只中华凤头燕鸥。 这两种燕鸥，同是鸥科凤头燕鸥属的近亲，体型相似。它们外形上的区别在于，中华凤头燕鸥羽色更白，喙大部分是橙黄色，喙尖黑色，曾被称为黑嘴 端凤头燕鸥。 然而，2004年夏季的两场台风使燕鸥群繁殖失败并再次消失。直到2007年6月，8只中华凤头燕鸥才又回到了将军帽岛。象山韭山列岛国家级自然保护区 专门派了一艘船守在小岛边，但在护岛船补充物资的空当，有不法分子趁夜盗走了所有鸟蛋。台风、人为干扰，以及蛇、鼠、游隼等天敌捕食是导致燕鸥等 野生海鸟种群繁殖失败的主要威胁因素。天灾人祸接踵而来，中华凤头燕鸥种群日益凋零。 幸好，200 ...

2024年生物多样性调查成果揭晓 海南再发现一批新物种新记录 海南日报全媒体记者从活动现场获悉，去年省生态环境厅组织五指山市、琼中黎族苗族自治县、白沙黎 族自治县、昌江黎族自治县开展生物多样性本底调查与评估。调查团队由海南省环境科学研究院、中国环境 科学研究院、海南大学、海南师范大学、南开大学等五家单位的专家组成，调查范围覆盖了生态系统、维管 束植物、哺乳类动物、两栖与爬行类动物、鸟类、昆虫、淡水水生生物、大型真菌、近岸海域生物等多个领 域。 "此次调查与评估有助于明晰生物多样性'家底'，为生物多样性保护与政策制定提供支撑。"省生态环境 厅自然生态保护处处长洪滨表示，此次调查基本掌握了区域内物种组成、分布及生态系统现状，建立了4个市 县生物多样性基础数据库，成果将直接应用于濒危物种保护、外来入侵物种防控和栖息地修复。 据悉，今年5月22日是第25个国际生物多样性日，联合国《生物多样性公约》秘书处发布的主题为"万物 共生 和美永续"，倡导人与自然和谐共生，共创持续发展的美好未来。 省生态环境厅副厅长邸伟杰表示，近年来，我省不断完善生物多样性保护法规政策体系，建立以国家公 园为主体的自然保护地体系，实施《海南省生 ...

Core Viewpoint - The discovery of a new species of gecko, named the "Natural Protected Area Gecko," in Hainan marks a significant contribution to biodiversity and the understanding of the evolution of the gecko family in China [1][2][4]. Group 1: Discovery Details - The new species was discovered by Hainan forestry workers during a scientific expedition in the Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park [2]. - The adult male Natural Protected Area Gecko measures approximately 16 centimeters in length and weighs around 9 grams, with females being slightly smaller [2]. - This species is characterized by its deep green color, smooth limbs, and webbed toes, and it has distinct morphological and genetic differences from known gecko species [2]. Group 2: Biodiversity and Conservation Impact - The discovery enriches the biodiversity of Hainan's tropical rainforest and enhances the understanding of the gecko family tree and evolutionary studies [4]. - It serves as evidence of the effectiveness of China's natural protected area system, primarily based on national parks [4].

同步进行的还有鱼类调查。"去年我们对阳澄湖重要水域进行过调查，鱼类很丰富，希望这次有新的惊 喜。"赵冬福说，春末夏初是调查浮游动物、底栖动物、水生植物、鱼类的好时期，此次鱼类调查自然 收获不少，短时间内就发现了多条昂刺鱼和鳜鱼。 午后的阳澄湖在阳光的映衬下波光粼粼，几只水鸟掠过湖面。约30分钟后，两艘双体船缓缓停靠在阳澄 湖退养水域。南京大学环规院的调查人员快速拿出工具，在船尾寻找目标。调查员赵冬福拿出索伯网和 采泥器，扣好绳索慢慢沉入水中，待触底"咬住"底泥再拉上来。"采泥之后还得用湖水冲洗几遍，才能 将含有生物的底泥放进采样袋里，拿回去检测，检测结束后还要做好样本分析和整理。"赵冬福向记者 说道。 不远处，调查员郑孙元正用水草耙打捞水生植物。很快，一株3米多长的穗状狐尾藻被他高高举起，晶 莹的水珠顺着墨绿色茎秆滚落。"这是沉水植物优势种，为吸收到阳光，它们能长到惊人的长度。"郑孙 元和助手对多株水生植物进行称重记录后，将样本放入袋中封存。郑孙元说，阳澄湖沉水植物的种类较 丰富，其中不乏我们耳熟能详的苦草、荇菜、金鱼藻、菹草等。这些沉水植物在水中形成了翠绿而幽静 的"水下森林"。 昨天(5月14日)下午，苏 ...