Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [4][5] - This award signals a shift in economic research focus from abstract mathematical models to the role of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial spirit in driving economic activity [4][5] Group 1: Contributions of the Awardees - Mokyr's research emphasizes the historical and cultural context necessary for the emergence of entrepreneurial spirit, highlighting the importance of a society that encourages exploration and allows for disruptive ideas [5][6] - Aghion and Howitt developed the "Schumpeterian growth paradigm," which portrays economic growth as a dynamic process of continuous industry iteration, characterized by "creative destruction" where new technologies and business models replace old ones [6][7] - The combined work of these three scholars presents a more comprehensive view of economic growth, integrating cultural, institutional, and individual agency into the analysis [6][7] Group 2: Implications for Economic Research - The 2025 Nobel Prize reflects a victory for a research paradigm that acknowledges the complexity and dynamism of economic activities, emphasizing the central role of human agency [7] - Aghion's insights suggest that managing the waves of creative destruction is crucial for achieving inclusive prosperity, reinforcing the need to recognize the often-overlooked entrepreneurial spirit in economic theory [7]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has been awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1] Group 1: Award Recipients - Philippe Aghion, aged 69, is prominently featured in the announcement and co-authored a significant paper in 1992 that developed a mathematical model explaining the importance of "disruptive innovation" for sustained economic growth [3] - Aghion's diverse interests and interdisciplinary research are influenced by his parents, who were both prominent figures in their respective fields [4][6] Group 2: Aghion's Background and Education - Aghion's parents were Jewish immigrants from Alexandria, Egypt, who moved to Paris, where his father opened a modernist art gallery and his mother founded the renowned fashion brand "Chloé" [6][8] - He studied mathematics at prestigious institutions and earned a PhD in applied mathematics and economics in 1983, later completing his doctoral studies at Harvard University in 1987 [8] Group 3: Research Interests and Contributions - Aghion's research extends beyond developed countries, focusing on the economic trajectories of developing nations, including Argentina and South Korea [9] - He has been actively involved in French politics, advising prominent leaders and contributing to discussions on economic policies [9][10] - Aghion emphasizes the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to contribute significantly to GDP growth in France, estimating an annual increase of 0.8 to 1 percentage point [10]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [3] - The prize money amounts to 11 million Swedish Krona, with half awarded to Mokyr for identifying the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement [3] - Aghion and Howitt jointly received the other half for their theory of sustained growth through "creative destruction," which explains how innovation leads to the obsolescence of old products [3] Group 1: Joel Mokyr - Joel Mokyr, born in Leiden, Netherlands, is recognized for his work combining micro-historical data with macro-narratives to explain the onset of modern economic growth post-Industrial Revolution [4][6] - Mokyr argues that the key to sustained growth lies in the systematic questioning of "why" rather than just "how," marking a paradigm shift in human thought [4][22] - His influential book, "A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy," emphasizes the importance of the accumulation of useful knowledge and the interaction of culture, institutions, and cognitive structures [25][26] Group 2: Philippe Aghion - Philippe Aghion, born in Paris, comes from a prominent family and has a strong background in mathematics, which led him to a career in economic research [10][11] - Aghion has been influential in shaping policies that encourage innovation and has argued against the notion that AI will lead to mass unemployment, citing historical trends of job creation following technological revolutions [11][20] - His collaboration with Howitt on the "creative destruction" model has significantly impacted the understanding of economic growth dynamics [13][26] Group 3: Peter Howitt - Peter Howitt, a Canadian economist, is known for his meticulous approach to economic theory and has contributed to the development of macroeconomic models linking micro-innovative activities to macroeconomic growth [12][13] - His partnership with Aghion has led to the formalization of the "creative destruction" concept within economic models, providing a quantitative framework for understanding innovation's role in growth [20][26] - Howitt's work has been recognized in academic circles, and he has been identified as a strong candidate for the Nobel Prize prior to this award [13][20] Group 4: Theoretical Contributions - Mokyr's research highlights that the continuous flow of "useful knowledge" is essential for sustained economic growth, contrasting with the pre-Industrial Revolution reliance on normative knowledge [15][17] - Aghion and Howitt's model illustrates that "creative destruction" is a core driver of economic growth, where new enterprises and jobs replace outdated ones, fostering a dynamic economic environment [20][21] - Their findings suggest that market concentration levels can significantly affect innovation processes, indicating the need for policies to manage monopolistic tendencies in order to sustain growth [21][26]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has been awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1] Group 1 - The award recognizes the significant impact of the recipients' work on understanding how innovation contributes to economic growth [1]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [4][5] - Mokyr received half of the prize for identifying the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress, while Aghion and Howitt shared the other half for their theory on sustained growth through creative destruction [4][5] Group 1: Contributions of the Laureates - Mokyr's work focuses on economic history, particularly the deep-seated causes of technological progress during the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing the interplay between culture, institutions, and economic growth [14] - Aghion and Howitt's significant contribution lies in their 1992 paper on "creative destruction," which established a theoretical framework for vertical innovation, where new technologies replace outdated ones, thereby driving economic growth [12][13] - The combination of Mokyr's historical insights and Aghion and Howitt's theoretical models provides a comprehensive understanding of the long-term logic of technological innovation [8] Group 2: Implications for Economic Policy - The research of the laureates highlights the importance of inclusive institutions, such as property rights and academic freedom, in reducing barriers to innovation [15] - The award's relevance to China is emphasized, particularly in the context of promoting "new quality productivity," which includes revolutionary technological breakthroughs as a core element [15][16] - The findings suggest that China should create an environment conducive to innovation that aligns with its development stage, rather than merely replicating models from developed countries [15]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1] - Mokyr receives half of the prize for revealing the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement, while Aghion and Howitt share the other half for their theory on creative destruction as a means to achieve sustained growth [1] - The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences emphasizes that the past 200 years have seen unprecedented economic growth driven by continuous technological innovation, with the process of creative destruction being central to this growth [1] Summary by Categories Award Details - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is not established according to Alfred Nobel's will but was created by the Swedish National Bank in 1968, with the prize money funded by the bank [2] Contributions of Awardees - Mokyr's research utilizes historical data to explain why sustained growth has become the norm in modern economies [1] - Aghion and Howitt focus on the mechanisms behind sustained growth [1] Implications of Research - The research of the laureates deepens the understanding of long-term growth and provides insights into contemporary issues, such as the potential benefits and drawbacks of artificial intelligence, including knowledge accumulation and negative impacts like environmental pollution and social inequality [1]

新华社斯德哥尔摩10月13日电（记者朱昊晨 郭爽）瑞典皇家科学院13日在斯德哥尔摩宣布，将 2025年诺贝尔经济学奖授予经济学家乔尔·莫基尔、菲利普·阿吉翁和彼得·豪伊特，以表彰他们对创新驱 动经济增长理论的阐释。 ...