Core Viewpoint - The United Nations Security Council held a high-level open debate on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, emphasizing the urgent need for stronger actions to protect civilians from the devastating impacts of war [1][3]. Group 1: Responsibilities and Actions - The primary responsibility for protecting civilians lies with national governments, and the international community should assist these countries in enhancing their capacity to protect civilians [5]. - The necessity to eliminate armed conflicts, strictly adhere to international humanitarian law, and strengthen humanitarian assistance was highlighted as essential for ensuring civilian safety [1][5]. Group 2: Humanitarian Principles - Civilians and civilian infrastructure must not be targets of military operations, and the safety of UN personnel and humanitarian workers must be guaranteed [3]. - Humanitarian aid should not be politicized, and essential supplies like food and medicine must not be weaponized, as these are fundamental principles of international humanitarian law that are frequently violated in conflicts [3]. Group 3: Root Causes of Conflict - Poverty and underdevelopment are identified as root causes of conflicts and significant barriers to conflict resolution, necessitating targeted international support to help affected countries [5]. - The importance of providing developmental assistance to break the cycle of poverty and violence was emphasized, aiming to create a more stable environment for peace [5].

Core Viewpoint - The UN Security Council held an emergency public meeting regarding the humanitarian situation in Gaza, with multiple parties demanding Israel to lift the blockade immediately and allow humanitarian aid to enter [1] Group 1: Humanitarian Situation - The UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Martin Griffiths, condemned Israel's inhumane blockade and forced displacement of civilians in Gaza, highlighting the region's dire conditions, including famine and a collapsed medical system [1] - The blockade has led to a significant obstruction of humanitarian aid, despite the UN and its partners having the capability and resources to provide assistance [1] Group 2: International Response - Various representatives at the meeting insisted that Israel must respect international humanitarian law and rejected Israel's proposal for military distribution of humanitarian aid [1]

Core Viewpoint - The necessity to revitalize the "two-state solution" as the only viable path to resolve the Palestinian issue is emphasized by China's permanent representative to the UN, Fu Cong [1] Group 1: International Law and Principles - The prolonged and destructive nature of the current Gaza conflict is attributed to the arbitrary violation of fundamental principles of international law [1] - The full implementation of Security Council resolutions is mandated by the UN Charter, leaving no room for distorted interpretations [1] - Compliance with international humanitarian law is an obligation that cannot be negotiated, and should not be used as a bargaining chip [1] Group 2: Call to Action - China urges Israel to fulfill its international legal obligations and adhere to basic principles of international relations [1] - The United States, as a major influential power, is called upon to abandon geopolitical self-interests and adopt a fair and responsible approach to contribute to regional peace and stability [1]