Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of upholding international rule of law and global governance, presenting six key proposals to strengthen these principles in international relations [3][4]. Summary by Sections Section 1: Principles of International Law - The core principles of international law include the equality of sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and peaceful dispute resolution, which must be collectively defended [3]. Section 2: Diversity in International Legislation - International legislation should respect cultural diversity and ensure equal participation of all countries, particularly enhancing the voice of Global South nations [3][4]. Section 3: Equality in Sovereignty - True sovereignty equality requires uniform application of international rules, opposing exceptionalism and double standards [4]. Section 4: Treaty Obligations - Adherence to treaties is a fundamental principle of international law, and all countries should fulfill their treaty obligations responsibly [4]. Section 5: Emerging Areas of International Rules - There is a need to accelerate the formulation of international rules in emerging fields such as cyberspace, outer space, and climate change, reflecting real needs and common interests [4]. Section 6: Peaceful Dispute Resolution - Peaceful resolution of disputes is a basic principle of international law, with mediation being a key method, and the establishment of an International Mediation Institute is encouraged [4]. Section 7: Commitment to Rule of Law - China is committed to the rule of law and aims to work with other countries to uphold the principles of the UN Charter and promote a democratic and law-based international order [4].

第三，主权平等是现代国际法的基础。没有国际规则的平等统一适用，就没有真正的主权平等。我们要 维护国际法治的公正性，坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，在国际规则解释和适用上一律平等，反对本 国例外主义，反对双重标准，反对以小圈子规则代替普遍接受的国际规则。 中新社联合国10月9日电中国常驻联合国副代表耿爽9日在联大第六委员会"国内与国际法治"议题下发 言，就坚持国际法治加强全球治理提出六点主张： 第一，《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则是公认的国际关系基本准则，构成国际法治的核心内涵。我们要共同 捍卫主权平等、不干涉内政、和平解决争端等国际法基本原则，维护国际法的权威性和完整性，反对唯 我独尊、实力至上，反对绕过安理会滥施制裁、滥用武力，反对借国际法之名行损害国际法治之实。 第二，国际立法必须尊重文明多样性、法系多元性，确保各国平等参与，特别是要增强全球南方国家的 话语权。我们要坚持共商共建共享原则，支持联合国在国际立法中发挥主渠道作用，反对国际法治的西 方中心主义，反对少数国家垄断国际立法进程，反对在缺乏广泛共识的情况下强推立法。 第六，和平解决争端是国际法治的基本原则，调解是《联合国宪章》规定的争端解决方法之一。中国与 ...

第四，条约必须遵守是国际法的一项基本原则，所有国家都应以负责的态度善意履行条约义务。我们要 共同增强履约的严肃性，维护国际法治的有效性，反对动辄毁约退群、撤资断供、出尔反尔，反对对国 际规则合则用、不合则弃，反对将国内政治议程凌驾于国际法治之上。 第五，各方应加快网络、外空、深海、极地、人工智能等新兴领域，以及气候变化、公共卫生、生态环 境、关键矿产等非传统安全领域的国际规则制定，推动在这些领域形成反映现实需要、解决实际问题、 符合各国共同利益的国际合作与治理框架体系。 第六，和平解决争端是国际法治的基本原则，调解是《联合国宪章》规定的争端解决方法之一。中国与 志同道合的国家一道发起成立国际调解院，作为现有机制的有益补充。希望有更多的国家加入国际调解 院，希望各国致力于通过调解、斡旋、谈判等和平方式化解矛盾分歧，处理冲突争端。 新华社联合国10月9日电 中国常驻联合国副代表耿爽9日表示，当前，世界进入新的动荡变革期，单边 主义和霸权行径甚嚣尘上，主权平等、不干涉内政等国际法基本原则遭受冲击，国际法政治化和工具化 风险加大，国际法治面临严峻挑战和考验。中方就"国内与国际法治"提出六点主张。 耿爽当天在第80届联 ...

全球治理说到底，就是把各国人民对美好生活的向往变成现实。中方呼吁缩小南北发展差距，这与牙买 加及其周边国家的需求高度契合。这些国家长期面临经济不平等、气候脆弱和技术获取困难等多重挑 战。通过推动全球治理体系改革，将发展资源更多用于教育、医疗和清洁能源等民生领域，小岛屿发展 中国家将能更有效地实现可持续发展目标。 中国重视可再生能源、人工智能等领域的国际合作，为包括牙买加在内的广大发展中国家提供了广阔发 展机遇。牙买加长期依赖化石燃料进口，可通过加强同有关国家光伏和风电产能合作获益。同时，引入 数字经济平台和人工智能技术，也有助于提升教育、农业和医疗等关键领域的发展水平。 从地理位置上看，中国与加勒比地区相距甚远，但其倡导的全球治理理念对小岛屿发展中国家和第三世 界国家具有重要启示。反对霸权主义、加强全球南方团结合作，这是我们共同的主张。在这个国际格局 深刻变革、不平等现象依然突出的时代，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系对包括牙买加在内的小 岛屿发展中国家而言，不仅是外交上的必然选择，也是关乎生存与发展的重要战略。 （作者为牙买加麦可师范学院教育学院院长） 在这个国际格局深刻变革、不平等现象依然突出的时代，推 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese representative at the UN Human Rights Council calls for improvements in global human rights governance, emphasizing the need for multilateralism and equal participation of all nations in decision-making processes [1] Group 1: Key Proposals - The Chinese representative, on behalf of nearly 80 countries, proposes five key initiatives to enhance global governance: 1. Upholding sovereign equality, allowing all countries, regardless of size or wealth, to participate equally in global governance [1] 2. Adhering to the rule of international law, ensuring equal application without double standards [1] 3. Promoting multilateralism, advocating for collaborative efforts against unilateralism [1] 4. Emphasizing a people-centered approach, balancing the advancement of various human rights [1] 5. Focusing on action-oriented results to effectively improve global human rights governance [1] Group 2: Context and Challenges - The representative highlights the severe impact on multilateralism and the necessity for reforms in the UN to enhance efficiency, simplify procedures, eliminate redundancy, and strengthen transparency [1]

Group 1 - The article discusses the recent surge in international recognition of the State of Palestine, with 152 out of 193 UN member states acknowledging it, while the US remains the only permanent member of the Security Council not to do so [1] - The article highlights the stark contrast between the international community's support for Palestine and the absence of the US and Israel from discussions, emphasizing Netanyahu's firm stance against the establishment of a Palestinian state [1] - The article raises questions about the selective application of international law, noting that the same legal framework that facilitated Israel's establishment seems ineffective for Palestine, pointing to a historical pattern of double standards [1] Group 2 - The article introduces the concept of double standards in international law, where countries often act inconsistently regarding human rights and trade norms, undermining the legitimacy of institutions like the UN and World Bank [2] - A discussion among experts defines double standards as the differential treatment of similar situations without sufficient justification, revealing how powerful nations manipulate international law to serve their interests [2][3] - The article emphasizes the need for inclusive dialogue to address the challenges posed by double standards, as the credibility of the international legal system is fragile and requires protection [3] Group 3 - The article explores the historical context of double standards, suggesting that they are not a new phenomenon but rather a consistent feature of state behavior, particularly in the context of international law [8][9] - It discusses the implications of double standards in various fields of international law, including human rights, immigration, and climate law, highlighting the need for consistent application of legal principles [6][10] - The article also notes that the perception of double standards can lead to a crisis of legitimacy for international law, particularly when powerful states disregard legal norms while expecting compliance from weaker nations [27][29]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of adhering to international law as a fundamental guarantee for global governance, highlighting China's commitment to promoting a fair and reasonable global governance system [1][2][3] - The article discusses the current challenges in global governance, including the erosion of the authority of existing international mechanisms and the rise of unilateralism, which undermines international law and multilateralism [1][2] - It points out the necessity of establishing international rules in emerging fields based on broad consensus, ensuring equal application of international law without double standards [2][3] Group 2 - China, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and the largest developing country, has consistently respected and upheld the authority of the UN Charter and international law, actively participating in international legal system construction [3] - The establishment of the International Mediation Institute in Hong Kong and the proposal for a Global AI Governance Initiative reflect China's practical actions towards enhancing global governance and promoting the rule of law [3] - The article concludes with China's commitment to advancing the democratization and rule of law in international relations, aiming to build a community with a shared future for mankind [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of international law in global governance and highlights China's commitment to promoting a fair and just global governance system through adherence to international legal principles [2][3]. Group 1: Global Governance and International Law - The current global landscape is marked by turmoil and transformation, necessitating a reevaluation of global governance mechanisms [2]. - President Xi Jinping's proposal for a global governance initiative underscores the need for adherence to international law, reflecting concerns over the erosion of existing international mechanisms [2][3]. - The article critiques the selective application of international law by certain countries, which undermines the authority of international legal frameworks and raises concerns about the effectiveness of multilateralism [2][3]. Group 2: China's Role in International Law - China, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and the largest developing country, has consistently respected and upheld the authority of the UN Charter and international law [3][4]. - The country has joined nearly all universal intergovernmental organizations and over 600 international treaties, demonstrating its commitment to multilateralism and international legal frameworks [4]. - China's initiatives, such as the establishment of the International Mediation Institute in Hong Kong and the proposal for a Global AI Governance Initiative, illustrate its proactive approach to enhancing global governance and conflict resolution [4]. Group 3: Future Outlook - Looking ahead, China aims to continue adhering to the principles of the UN Charter and promote the democratization and rule of law in international relations [4]. - The article suggests that China's efforts in shaping international rules and resolving disputes peacefully contribute to a shared responsibility for good governance among all nations [4].

Core Concepts - The global governance initiative emphasizes five core principles that align with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, aiming to address governance deficits and build a more just and equitable global governance system [1][2] Group 1: Key Principles of Global Governance - Sovereign equality is the primary premise of global governance, advocating that all countries, regardless of size or wealth, have equal rights to participate in decision-making and share governance outcomes [2] - International rule of law is fundamental to global governance, with a call to uphold the principles of the United Nations Charter and ensure equal application of international laws and rules [2] - Multilateralism is the basic path for global governance, with a focus on cooperation and the importance of a multilateral system centered around the United Nations [3] Group 2: Value Orientation and Action - A people-centered approach is the value orientation of global governance, aiming to turn the aspirations of people for a better life into reality and promote common development [3] - Action-oriented principles are crucial for global governance, emphasizing the need for practical cooperation to address urgent issues and long-term challenges, with a focus on tangible outcomes [4] - The global governance initiative is part of a broader set of initiatives, including global development, security, and civilization initiatives, contributing to global stability and certainty [4]

Core Ideas - The global governance initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping emphasizes the need for reforming and improving global governance to address governance deficits and build a more just and reasonable global governance system [1][4] Group 1: Principles of Global Governance - Sovereign equality is the primary premise of global governance, advocating that all countries, regardless of size or wealth, have equal rights to participate in decision-making and share governance outcomes [2] - International rule of law is fundamental to global governance, with a call to uphold the principles of the UN Charter and ensure equal application of international laws and rules [2] - Multilateralism is the basic path for global governance, with a focus on cooperation and the importance of a multilateral system centered around the UN [3] Group 2: Value Orientation and Action - People-centered development is the value orientation of global governance, aiming to turn the aspirations of people for a better life into reality and promote common development [3] - Action-oriented principles are crucial for global governance, emphasizing the importance of practical cooperation to address urgent issues and long-term challenges [4] - The global governance initiative is part of a broader set of initiatives, including global development, security, and civilization initiatives, aimed at providing stability and certainty to the world [4]