Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical significance of the Lugou Bridge Incident, marking the beginning of the Chinese people's resistance against Japanese aggression, highlighting the collective awakening and unity of the nation in the face of adversity [7][20][28]. Group 1: Events Leading to the Incident - The peaceful summer of 1937 was abruptly disrupted by the outbreak of conflict, as tensions escalated between Chinese forces and Japanese troops [2][3]. - The incident began on the night of July 7, 1937, when Japanese soldiers opened fire on Chinese defenders near Lugou Bridge, leading to a series of violent confrontations [5][8]. Group 2: The Response of Chinese Forces - Chinese military leaders, such as Jin Zhenzhong, displayed determination and courage, issuing orders to resist the Japanese forces fiercely [5][12]. - The 29th Army, under Jin Zhenzhong's command, engaged in intense battles, resulting in significant casualties among both Chinese soldiers and civilians [13][15]. Group 3: Civilian Impact and National Awakening - The incident led to widespread panic and chaos among civilians, with many fleeing their homes as the Japanese military advanced [10][11]. - The event catalyzed a national consciousness, prompting various groups, including students and intellectuals, to mobilize for resistance against the invaders [20][21][24]. Group 4: Formation of a United Front - The Chinese Communist Party and other organizations called for a united front against Japanese aggression, emphasizing the need for collective action [20][27]. - The establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front marked a significant shift in the political landscape, uniting various factions in the fight against the common enemy [25][26]. Group 5: Long-term Consequences - The Lugou Bridge Incident is recognized as a pivotal moment that transformed China's struggle into a full-scale national resistance, influencing the broader context of World War II [28]. - The sacrifices made during this period laid the groundwork for future victories and contributed to China's role in the global fight against fascism [28].

Core Viewpoint - The articles commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting the significance of the "August 1 Declaration" and the "December 9 Movement" in uniting the Chinese people against foreign invasion [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context - The "August 1 Declaration" was drafted in 1935, emphasizing the urgent need for the Chinese people to unite against Japanese aggression, stating that the survival of the nation was at stake [1]. - The declaration outlined the "Ten Major Programs for National Salvation," which were straightforward and aimed at mobilizing the masses for the anti-Japanese cause [1]. Group 2: Impact and Response - The declaration reached Beijing in late 1935, inspiring students to respond with the "December 9 Movement," which called for unity against Japanese invasion and an end to internal conflicts [2]. - The movement's slogan, "No peaceful study can be had in North China," reflected the urgency of the situation and the collective sentiment among students to fight against foreign oppression [2]. Group 3: Unity and Leadership - The articles emphasize that the unity of the Chinese people in the face of national crisis was crucial for the eventual victory in the war, with the Communist Party playing a key role in forming a united front [2]. - The declaration called for the establishment of a national defense government and a unified anti-Japanese military force, highlighting the need for collaboration among various political factions for the greater good of the nation [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the historical significance and cultural impact of the song "On the Taihang Mountain," which emerged during the Chinese resistance against Japanese invasion, symbolizing national unity and the spirit of the people [4][7]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Taihang Mountain Theatre was established 87 years ago as a symbol of strength and unity in the fight against Japanese aggression [2]. - The song "On the Taihang Mountain" was inspired by the patriotic fervor during the Second Sino-Japanese War, particularly after the fall of Nanjing in December 1937 [3][4]. Group 2: Key Figures - The article mentions key individuals such as Ruanzhangjing, who served as a political and artistic guide for the Taihang Mountain Theatre, and composer Xian Xinghai, who played a crucial role in creating the song [3][5]. - The collaboration between Ruanzhangjing and Xian Xinghai led to the creation of the song, which became a rallying cry for soldiers and civilians alike [4][5]. Group 3: Cultural Impact - The song "On the Taihang Mountain" was first performed publicly at a commemorative event for the anniversary of the anti-Japanese war, quickly gaining popularity among the troops and the public [4][6]. - The Taihang Mountain Theatre conducted extensive tours to spread the song across various regions, reinforcing its role as a symbol of resistance and hope during the war [6][7]. Group 4: Legacy - The song continues to resonate as a powerful symbol of the Chinese people's struggle for independence and freedom, embodying the spirit of resilience and unity [7][8]. - The enduring legacy of "On the Taihang Mountain" reflects the collective memory of the war and the ongoing appreciation for peace and national spirit [7][8].