Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported record revenue of $18.4 billion for the fiscal year 2025, with a gross margin of 48.8% [19] - For the June quarter, revenue was $5.17 billion, a 10% increase from the prior quarter, and gross margin reached 50.3%, the highest since the merger with Novelis [18][19] - Diluted earnings per share for the June quarter were $1.33, exceeding the high end of guidance [29] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Foundry segment revenue represented 52% of systems revenue in June, up from 48% in March, marking a record quarter [20] - Memory accounted for 41% of systems revenue, down from 43% in the prior quarter, while non-volatile memory increased to 27% from 20% [21] - The Logic and Other segment decreased to 7% of systems revenue from 9% in the previous quarter [23] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue from the China region increased to 35% from 31% in the prior quarter, driven by investments from global multinationals [24] - Korea and Taiwan revenues decreased to 22% and 19% respectively, down from 24% in March [24] - Japan revenue reached a record level in dollar terms at 14% of total revenue [24] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to expand its served available market (SAM) to the high 30% range of wafer fabrication equipment (WFE) by delivering critical solutions for atomic-level device scaling and advanced packaging integration [10] - Investments in R&D have created a competitive product portfolio, positioning the company to capture over 50% of incremental SAM over time [10] - The company is focusing on advanced packaging and etch intensity, which are expected to drive future growth [16] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expects WFE spending in 2025 to be around $105 billion, up from a previous estimate of $100 billion, primarily due to increased spending in China [8] - The company anticipates a balanced WFE environment in the second half of the year, with a strong position in key technology areas [9] - Management expressed confidence in outperforming the market due to strong demand drivers such as AI and advanced packaging [50] Other Important Information - The company generated free cash flow of approximately $5.4 billion, representing 29% of revenue, a record in dollar terms [19] - Capital expenditures for the June quarter were $172 million, down from $288 million in March, focused on lab investments and manufacturing facilities [31] - The company has $7.5 billion remaining on its share repurchase program [29] Q&A Session Summary Question: What are the key drivers of outperformance in the tool business? - Management highlighted foundry logic, selective etch, and ALD as key drivers, with advanced packaging also contributing significantly [37] Question: Will gross margins continue to benefit from China? - Management indicated that while there are favorable mix benefits, they expect gross margins to normalize around 48% in December due to various headwinds [40][41] Question: Is revenue expected to decline in December? - Management confirmed that December revenue is expected to mirror the flat WFE outlook, indicating a likely decline [46] Question: What is the outlook for NAND spending? - Management reiterated that NAND investments will require approximately $40 billion over several years for technology upgrades [87] Question: How is the company positioned for 2026? - Management expressed confidence in gaining share and expanding SAM, driven by strong product portfolio and technology advancements [85] Question: What is the impact of China on future revenue? - Management noted that while there was a strong uptick in China spending, they expect some normalization in the December quarter [115]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported record revenue of $18.4 billion for the fiscal year 2025, with a gross margin of 48.8% and a record free cash flow generation of approximately $5.4 billion, representing 29% of revenue [19][29] - For the June quarter, revenue was $5.17 billion, a 10% increase from the prior quarter, with a gross margin of 50.3%, marking the highest since the merger with Novelis [18][25] - Diluted earnings per share for the June quarter were $1.33, exceeding the high end of guidance, driven by higher revenue and stronger gross margin performance [29] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Foundry segment revenue represented 52% of systems revenue in June, up from 48% in March, indicating strong performance in this area [20] - Memory accounted for 41% of systems revenue, a slight decrease from 43% in the prior quarter, with non-volatile memory increasing to 27% from 20% [21] - The Customer Support Business Group revenue remained consistent at approximately $1.7 billion, with a record quarter for upgrade revenue driven by NAND technology convergence [24] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The China region accounted for 35% of total revenue, up from 31% in the prior quarter, driven by increased investment from global multinational customers [23] - Korea and Taiwan represented 22% and 19% of revenue, respectively, both down from 24% in March, while Japan revenue reached a record level at 14% [23] - The company expects wafer fabrication equipment (WFE) spending to be in the $105 billion range for 2025, up from a prior estimate of $100 billion, primarily due to increased spending in China [7][8] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to expand its served available market (SAM) to the mid-30% range of WFE by delivering critical solutions for atomic level device scaling and advanced packaging integration [10] - Investments in R&D have enabled the company to create a competitive product portfolio, positioning it to capture over 50% of the incremental SAM over time [10] - The company is focusing on advanced packaging and gate all around device architectures, which are critical for scaling system performance to meet next-generation AI requirements [13][14] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to outperform in the WFE market, driven by strong positions in key technology areas such as gate all around and advanced packaging [8][9] - The company anticipates a balanced WFE environment for the second half of 2025, with expectations for modest growth in the Customer Support Business Group [32] - Management noted that while there are headwinds from tariffs and a potential normalization in China spending, the overall outlook remains positive due to strong demand drivers [39][75] Other Important Information - The company allocated approximately $1.3 billion to share buybacks and paid $295 million in dividends during the June quarter [28] - Capital expenditures for the June quarter were $172 million, down from $288 million in March, focused on lab investments and manufacturing facilities [31] - The company ended the June quarter with approximately 19,000 full-time employees, an increase of about 400 from the prior quarter, primarily in R&D [31] Q&A Session Summary Question: What are the key drivers of outperformance in the tool business? - Management highlighted foundry logic, selective etch, and ALD as key areas for growth, with advanced packaging becoming increasingly important [36][38] Question: Will gross margins continue to benefit from China? - Management indicated that while there are favorable mix benefits, they expect gross margins to normalize around 48% in December due to various headwinds [39][40] Question: Is NAND strength expected to sustain? - Management reiterated that NAND spending will require approximately $40 billion over several years for technology upgrades, indicating a long-term positive outlook [85][88] Question: How is the company positioned for 2026? - Management refrained from providing specific guidance but expressed confidence in the company's ability to gain share and expand SAM despite potential industry-wide CapEx challenges [82][84] Question: What is the outlook for the advanced packaging business? - Management noted that advanced packaging is performing slightly better than expected, driven by strong demand for HBM and complex packaging schemes [58][60]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported Q2 revenues of $195.8 million, exceeding the high end of the outlook range, with a 14.3% increase from Q1 and a 0.8% decrease year-over-year from Q2 2024 [14][21] - Non-GAAP gross margin for Q2 was 38.5%, at the low end of the range, and decreased from 39.2% in Q1 [16][18] - Non-GAAP operating income for Q2 was $22.8 million, a 35.2% increase from Q1, driven by higher revenues [19] - GAAP net income for Q2 was $9.1 million, or $0.12 per diluted share, compared to $6.4 million, or $0.08 per diluted share in Q1 [20] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Probe card segment revenues were $162.1 million in Q2, an 18.7% increase from Q1, driven by higher revenues in all markets, particularly Foundry and Logic and DRAM [14][15] - Foundry and Logic revenues increased to $100 million in Q2, a 16.7% increase from Q1, comprising 50.8% of total revenues [15] - DRAM revenues were $57.1 million in Q2, a 16.8% increase from Q1, with HBM revenues rising from $29.5 million in Q1 to $37 million in Q2 [15][16] - Systems segment revenues decreased to $33.7 million in Q2, down from $34.8 million in Q1, comprising 17.2% of total revenues [16] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company continues to strengthen its leadership position in HBM probe cards, with expected growth in both HBM and DRAM overall [9] - The Foundry and Logic probe card market saw seasonal strength in Q2, but a moderate reduction in demand is expected in Q3 [10] - The company was recognized as the number one global supplier in both test subsystems and focused chip-making equipment categories in the annual Tech Insights 2025 Global Customer Satisfaction Survey [11] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on advanced packaging and generative AI as key growth drivers, with expectations of semiconductor industry growth to a trillion dollars by the early next decade [5][6] - Strategic investments include a minority equity investment in FICT and the acquisition of a manufacturing facility in Farmers Branch, Texas, aimed at improving competitiveness and profitability [8][13] - The company aims to achieve a target financial model of 47% gross margin on $850 million of annual revenue, acknowledging recent performance has not demonstrated a clear path to that level [13][26] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged that recent financial results, particularly gross margins, have not reflected the company's market leadership position, attributing this to product mix shifts and operational cost increases [7] - The company expects Q3 revenues of approximately $200 million, with a higher gross margin of around 40%, despite potential tariff impacts [24][25] - Management emphasized the importance of diversifying customer exposure to mitigate risks associated with individual customer volatility [62] Other Important Information - The company experienced a negative free cash flow of $47.1 million in Q2, primarily due to capital expenditures related to the Farmers Branch facility [21][22] - Total cash and investments at the end of Q2 were $253 million, a decrease of $50 million from Q1, largely due to the facility purchase [22] - The company has entered into a new $150 million revolving credit facility agreement to enhance financial flexibility [23] Q&A Session Summary Question: What is the residual customer ramp-up cost embedded in the Q3 gross margin guide? - Management confirmed no additional ramp-up costs are assumed in Q3 for the HBM customer [29][30] Question: Will the trend of higher sequential DRAM systems and lower sequential logic/foundry persist into Q4? - Management noted that while the PC and mobile markets remain weak, they are focusing on growth in areas driven by generative AI and advanced packaging [31][33] Question: What are the key factors that can help bridge the gross margin gap to target levels? - Management identified volume growth, operational cost reductions, and expanding Foundry and Logic market share as key components to improve gross margins [42][44] Question: What impact will the new Texas facility have on the P&L? - Management indicated that the facility is expected to lower operational costs in the long term, but immediate impacts on the P&L will be assessed as progress is made [48][49] Question: What is the status of the hyperscaler and GPU customer contributions? - Management reported progress in qualifying for GPU testing and noted contributions from hyperscaler custom ASICs in Q2, with expectations for revenue growth in the second half [70][72]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported Q2 revenues of $195.8 million, exceeding the high end of the outlook range, with a 14.3% increase from Q1 and a 0.8% decrease year-over-year from Q2 2024 [15][16] - Non-GAAP gross margin for Q2 was 38.5%, down from 39.2% in Q1, primarily due to lower margins in the Systems segment and increased manufacturing costs [17][19] - Non-GAAP operating income for Q2 was $22.8 million, a 35.2% increase from Q1, driven by higher revenues despite lower gross margins [21] - GAAP net income for Q2 was $9.1 million, or $0.12 per diluted share, compared to $6.4 million, or $0.08 per diluted share in Q1 [22] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Probe card segment revenues were $162.1 million in Q2, an 18.7% increase from Q1, with significant growth in Foundry and Logic and DRAM markets [15][16] - Foundry and Logic revenues increased to $100 million in Q2, a 16.7% increase from Q1, representing 50.8% of total company revenues [16] - DRAM revenues were $57.1 million in Q2, up 16.8% from Q1, with HBM revenues increasing from $29.5 million in Q1 to $37 million in Q2 [16][18] - Systems segment revenues decreased to $33.7 million in Q2, down from $34.8 million in Q1, comprising 17.2% of total revenues [17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company continues to strengthen its leadership position in the HBM probe card market, with expectations of continued growth in both HBM and DRAM [9][10] - The Foundry and Logic probe card market saw seasonal strength in Q2, but a moderate reduction in demand is expected in Q3 [10][11] - The Systems segment is driven by advancements in co-package optics and quantum computing, with pilot production systems running for primary customers [12] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on advanced packaging and generative AI as key growth drivers, positioning itself as a leading supplier of probe cards and systems [5][6] - Strategic investments include a minority equity investment in FICT and the acquisition of a manufacturing facility in Texas to enhance competitiveness and lower operational costs [7][8] - The company aims to achieve a target financial model of 47% gross margin on $850 million of annual revenue, acknowledging recent performance has not met this target [13][27] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged that recent financial results, particularly gross margins, have not reflected the company's market leadership, attributing this to product mix shifts and operational cost increases [6][27] - The company expects Q3 revenues to be around $200 million, with a higher gross margin of approximately 40%, despite potential tariff impacts [26][27] - Management remains optimistic about long-term growth prospects in the semiconductor industry, projecting significant growth driven by advanced packaging and generative AI [5][79] Other Important Information - The company experienced a negative free cash flow of $47.1 million in Q2, primarily due to capital expenditures related to the Texas facility acquisition [23][24] - Total cash and investments at the end of Q2 were $253 million, a decrease of $50 million from Q1, largely due to the facility purchase [24][25] - The company has entered into a new $150 million revolving credit facility to enhance financial flexibility [25] Q&A Session Summary Question: How much residual customer or HBM product cost is still embedded in the third quarter gross margin guide? - Management confirmed no additional ramp-up costs are assumed in Q3 for the HBM customer [30][31] Question: Do you think the trend of higher sequential DRAM systems and lower sequential logic/foundry could persist in Q4? - Management indicated that while the PC and mobile markets remain weak, they are focusing on growth in areas driven by generative AI and custom ASICs [32][34] Question: What impact will the new facility in Texas have on the P&L over the next few quarters? - Management stated that the facility is expected to lower operational costs in the medium term, but no immediate impact on the P&L is anticipated until it is operational [48][50] Question: What is the expected contribution from hyperscaler and GPU customers in the second half of the year? - Management noted that there has been progress in qualifying for GPU testing and expects revenue contributions from hyperscalers and custom ASICs in the second half [74][75] Question: What are the expected impacts of tariffs on gross margins? - Management acknowledged that tariffs are expected to have a significant impact on gross margins, with ongoing efforts to mitigate these effects [94][95]

Company Overview - FormFactor has a global presence with approximately 2,200 employees and manufactures over 115 million MEMS probes annually[7] - The company's trailing twelve months (TTM) revenue as of June 28, 2025, was $765 million[7] Financial Performance - In 2024, FormFactor's revenue was $764 million, non-GAAP EPS was $1.15, and free cash flow was $83 million[20] - The company's target model aims for $850 million in revenue, a non-GAAP gross margin of 47%, and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $2.00[90] Market Position and Growth - The advanced probe card market is estimated to be $2.6 billion in 2027[83] - FormFactor is targeting above-market growth in engineering systems, aiming for a 5%+ CAGR compared to the market's 3% CAGR[86] Industry Recognition - FormFactor was named the 1 global supplier in Test Subsystems and Focused Chip Making Equipment in TechInsights' 2025 customer satisfaction survey[25] - Intel recognized FormFactor with the 2024 EPIC Distinguished Supplier Award[35] Recent Financial Results - In Q1 2025, FormFactor's revenue was $171.4 million, with a gross margin of 39.2% and diluted EPS of $0.23[109] - In Q2 2025, revenue reached $195.8 million, but gross margin was 38.5% and diluted EPS was $0.27[109]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported Q2 revenue of $1,510 million, a sequential increase of 14% and a year-on-year growth of 3% [5][17] - Gross profit for Q2 was $182 million, with a gross margin of 12%, impacted by preparation costs and foreign currency headwinds [17][20] - Operating income was $92 million, with an operating income margin of 6.1%, including a non-routine benefit of $32 million from a contingent payment [20] - Net income for Q2 was $54 million, resulting in an EPS of $0.22, which included $16 million attributable to the contingent payment [20] - The company ended the quarter with cash and short-term investments of $2,000 million and total liquidity of $3,100 million [22] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Communications revenue grew 15% sequentially, driven by the iOS ecosystem, while Android revenue remained flat sequentially but increased 7% year-on-year [6] - Computing revenue increased 16% from Q1, driven by new product ramps in Personal Computing and growth in Memory [7] - Automotive and industrial markets saw an 11% sequential growth, driven by new product launches for ADAS applications [8] - Consumer revenue increased 16% sequentially, attributed to market share gains in wearables and demand improvement in traditional products [10] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The computing market experienced an 18% year-on-year growth, marking it as the fastest-growing end market for the company [12][52] - The automotive market is expected to see low single-digit growth in the second half of the year, with a focus on advanced packaging technologies [72][84] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on delivering differentiating technology solutions and expanding its global footprint to support customer supply chains [11] - Strategic investments are being made in advanced packaging technologies and test solutions to enhance competitive advantages [14][68] - The company plans to rationalize its manufacturing footprint, particularly in Japan, to align capacity with market conditions [23][72] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted a dynamic operating environment with ongoing monitoring of export controls and trade policies [5][6] - The company expects strong Q3 revenue growth driven by new product launches in the premium smartphone segment and continued demand for AI applications [7][24] - Management expressed optimism about the automotive market's recovery, particularly in advanced packaging applications [72][84] Other Important Information - The company replaced its $600 million credit agreement with a new $1 billion revolver and executed a $500 million term loan to strengthen its balance sheet [21] - CapEx forecast for 2025 remains unchanged at $850 million, focused on expanding capacity for leading-edge technology [25][69] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you provide more color on the short-term gross margin and long-term expectations? - Management indicated that short-term gross margin is impacted by unfavorable product mix and transition in manufacturing, with long-term improvements expected as optimization occurs [28][35] Question: What is the expected ramp for the 2.5D program in volume terms this year? - Management noted that the 2.5D program is crucial and is expected to ramp up as trade restrictions ease, with significant opportunities anticipated [40][42] Question: Are there any signs of demand pull-ins from customers? - Management observed some last-minute spot orders indicating inventory levels are stabilizing, but no active pull-ins were noted [46][47] Question: How does the company view the automotive market's long-term prospects? - Management maintains a positive long-term view on the automotive market, particularly in advanced packaging, despite current challenges in Japan [71][72] Question: What is the status of the tester fleet upgrades? - Management confirmed that upgrades are ongoing, involving both existing platforms and new testers, to meet increased requirements [85][86]

Market Overview - The global semiconductor wafer market is projected to reach approximately $11.5 billion in sales in 2024, with a shipment area of 12,266 million square inches, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 2.7%, marking a recent low [2][3] - The domestic semiconductor wafer market in China is expected to be around 15 billion yuan in 2024, with significant growth in 300mm wafer shipments, particularly from companies like Shanghai Xinsheng, which saw over 70% year-on-year growth [2][3] Industry Trends - By 2027, the demand for silicon wafers is anticipated to grow robustly due to increasing needs related to artificial intelligence and advanced processes, with domestic companies like SMIC and Huahong Group planning clear capacity expansions [3][4] - The 300mm wafer segment is expected to dominate, with global sales projected at around $8.5 billion in 2024, accounting for over 70% of the market, and a domestic market size of approximately 7.5 billion yuan, with a growth rate exceeding 50% [4][5] Pricing Dynamics - In 2024, the pricing of semiconductor wafers is expected to show a divergence, with 300mm wafers remaining stable due to demand from AI and storage chips, while prices for 200mm and smaller wafers are under pressure, with 200mm epitaxial wafer prices dropping over 15% [5][6] - Major players like Shin-Etsu Chemical and SUMCO are controlling production to maintain high margins, while domestic companies are aggressively expanding capacity and pricing their products 10%-15% lower than international competitors [7][8] Financial Performance - In 2024, the total revenue of listed companies in the silicon wafer industry is projected to be approximately 13.453 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 10.58%, with an average gross margin of about 21.14% [10][11] - TCL Zhonghuan and Huahong Group are leading in revenue, with TCL Zhonghuan generating 4.687 billion yuan and Huahong Group 3.388 billion yuan [11] Stock Market Performance - The silicon wafer industry experienced a turbulent stock market in 2024, with an overall decline of 25.13% by year-end compared to the beginning of the year, and a maximum drawdown of 41.51% [14][16] - Huahong Group was the only company to see a slight increase in market value, while TCL Zhonghuan and Shen Gong Co. faced significant declines of 41.41% and 33.55%, respectively [16][17]

Investment Ratings - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for TSMC, MediaTek, and ASE, indicating a positive outlook for these companies in the semiconductor industry [30][12][20]. Core Insights - There is a resurgence in investor sentiment around AI, particularly following Computex in mid-May, although many investors remain underexposed and cautious as they approach the typically soft third quarter [2][1]. - TSMC is expected to benefit from easing concerns over AI order cuts and increasing demand for advanced packaging technologies like CoWoS, with a projected revenue growth of 28.7% YoY in 2025 [5][6]. - MediaTek's AI ASIC project faces potential delays, but the long-term growth story in the ASIC market remains intact, with expectations of a 16% revenue CAGR from 2025 to 2027 [8][17]. - ASE is seeing increased investor interest due to its advancements in advanced packaging technology, with expectations for significant capacity increases in the coming years [10][11]. Summary by Company TSMC - TSMC is positioned as a leading global foundry with over 60% market share, expected to achieve a 20% revenue CAGR driven by AI and HPC demand [12][15]. - The target price for TSMC is set at NT$1,210, based on a P/E multiple of 20x [13][14]. MediaTek - MediaTek is transitioning towards AI applications, with a focus on smartphone processors and enterprise ASICs, aiming for a significant share in the US$45 billion ASIC market [17][8]. - The target price for MediaTek is NT$1,800, based on a P/E multiple of 20x [18]. ASE - ASE is recognized for its leadership in semiconductor assembly and test services, with a focus on advanced packaging technologies [19]. - The target price for ASE is NT$165, derived from a P/E multiple of 18x [21].

Investment Rating - The report initiates coverage of K&S (KLIC US) with a Buy rating, and BE Semiconductor (BESI NA) with a Neutral rating, while maintaining a Buy rating on ASMPT (522 HK) [3][6][11]. Core Insights - Advanced packaging (AP) is expected to evolve significantly from 2025 onwards, with a shift from CoWoS-S to CoWoS-L/R, increased adoption of SoIC driven by HBM5, and potential upgrades in InFO technology led by Apple [3][6]. - The semiconductor cycle's recovery is a key catalyst for K&S and ASMPT, given their substantial sales exposure to conventional packaging [3][6]. CoWoS Technology - CoWoS technology is transitioning from CoWoS-S to CoWoS-L, with TSMC expected to increase its CoWoS-L capacity from approximately 20% in 2024 to nearly 60% in 2025 [7][21]. - CoWoS-S is anticipated to face oversupply due to non-TSMC supply chain expansions, while CoWoS-L is expected to be in demand for high-end GPUs [7][28]. SoIC Technology - SoIC is projected to gain importance with the adoption of high-NA EUV technology, although headwinds are expected in 2025 due to limited new adopters and potential capex constraints from Intel [8][14]. - AMD is currently the major adopter of SoIC, with potential future demand driven by Apple and HBM technologies [8][14]. InFO Technology - Apple is likely to adopt upgraded InFO technology from 2026 onwards, necessitating capacity upgrades to accommodate new application processor designs [9][20]. - The transition from InFO-PoP to InFO-M is expected as the I/O count between DRAM and application processors becomes insufficient [9][20]. Company-Specific Insights - K&S is positioned to be the primary TCB supplier for TSMC's on-wafer process starting in 2025, benefiting from the shift towards CoWoS-L technology [3][6]. - ASMPT is expected to gain market share in the HBM market from a low base, with its TCB potentially adopted by TSMC and Apple in the future [3][6]. - BE Semiconductor faces challenges due to rich valuations and potentially disappointing hybrid bonding orders in 2025 [3][6].

Company Overview - FormFactor has a global presence with approximately 2,150 employees and manufactures over 115 million MEMS probes annually[7] - The company's trailing twelve months (TTM) revenue as of October 30, 2024, was $742 million[7] - FormFactor is recognized by industry leaders such as Intel, Samsung, Micron, SK hynix, and TSMC[7] Financial Performance - In 2023, FormFactor's revenue was $663 million[20] - The company's non-GAAP EPS in 2023 was $0.73[20] - The free cash flow for 2023 was $11 million[20] - The non-GAAP gross margin in 2023 was 40.7%[20] - The target model revenue is $850 million, with a target non-GAAP EPS of $2.00[87] - The target free cash flow is $160 million[87] Market and Growth - The advanced probe card market is estimated to be $2.0 billion, while the engineering systems market is $0.5 billion[47] - The advanced probe card market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 8%[52] - The engineering systems market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 3%[52] - FormFactor estimates its growth in the advanced probe card market to be 10%+ CAGR[79]