商务部今日（10月9日）发布公告，公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定。全文如下： 二、本公告所称出口经营者，包括中国公民、法人和非法人组织，以及在中国境内的所有自然 人、法人和非法人组织。 一、以下物项未经许可不得出口： （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载 体；（管制编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、 调试、维护、维修、升级等技术。（管制编码：1E902.b） 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、 冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口 管制法》第十二条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前 向商务部申请两用物项出口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 本公告所称"稀土""冶炼分离""金属冶炼""稀土二次资源"的含义和范围，按照《中华人民共和 国稀土管理条例》有关规定执行。本公告所称"磁材制造"技术，是指钐钴、钕铁硼、铈磁体制 造技术。本公告所称技术及其载体，包括技术相关资料等数据，例 ...

稀土相关物项具有军民两用属性，对其实施出口管制是国际通行做法。今年4月，中国政府对中国组织 和个人出口稀土物项实施出口管制。有关稀土技术也早在2001年就列入了《中国禁止出口限制出口技术 目录》。一段时间以来，部分境外组织和个人将原产中国的稀土管制物项直接或者加工后再转移、提供 给有关组织和个人，直接或间接用于军事等敏感领域，对中国国家安全和利益造成重大损害或潜在威 胁，对国际和平稳定造成不利影响，也有损防扩散国际努力。为此，中国政府依法对含有中国成分的部 分境外稀土相关物项实施管制，目的是更好维护国家安全和利益，更好履行防扩散等国际义务。 中国作为一个负责任大国，对相关物项实施管制，体现了坚定维护世界和平和地区稳定、积极参与防扩 散国际努力的一贯立场。中方愿通过多双边出口管制对话机制，与各方加强沟通合作，促进合规贸易， 保障全球产业链供应链安全稳定。需要说明的是，此次纳入管制的物项范围有限，同时将采取多种许可 便利措施。对于符合相关规定的，中国政府将予以许可；对于最终用途为紧急医疗、应对公共卫生突发 事件、自然灾害救助等人道主义救援的出口，将豁免申请许可。此外，考虑到各利益相关方履行既有商 业合同及满足合规 ...

10月9日，商务部发布公告，公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定、 公布对境外相关稀土物项实施出口管制的决定 。 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制 造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口管制法》第十二条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条 例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前向商务部申请两用物项出口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 商务部公告2025第62号 公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定 为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规 定，经国务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制，有关规定如下： 一、以下物项未经许可不得出口： （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载体；（管制编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、调试、维护、维修、升级等技 术。（管制编码：1E902.b） 本公告所称"稀土""冶炼分离""金属冶炼""稀土二次资源"的含义和范围 ...

稀土相关物项具有军民两用属性，对其实施出口管制是国际通行做法。今年4月，中国政府对中国组织 和个人出口稀土物项实施出口管制。有关稀土技术也早在2001年就列入了《中国禁止出口限制出口技术 目录》。一段时间以来，部分境外组织和个人将原产中国的稀土管制物项直接或者加工后再转移、提供 给有关组织和个人，直接或间接用于军事等敏感领域，对中国国家安全和利益造成重大损害或潜在威 胁，对国际和平稳定造成不利影响，也有损防扩散国际努力。为此，中国政府依法对含有中国成分的部 分境外稀土相关物项实施管制，目的是更好维护国家安全和利益，更好履行防扩散等国际义务。 中国作为一个负责任大国，对相关物项实施管制，体现了坚定维护世界和平和地区稳定、积极参与防扩 散国际努力的一贯立场。中方愿通过多双边出口管制对话机制，与各方加强沟通合作，促进合规贸易， 保障全球产业链供应链安全稳定。需要说明的是，此次纳入管制的物项范围有限，同时将采取多种许可 便利措施。对于符合相关规定的，中国政府将予以许可；对于最终用途为紧急医疗、应对公共卫生突发 事件、自然灾害救助等人道主义救援的出口，将豁免申请许可。此外，考虑到各利益相关方履行既有商 业合同及满足合规 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce has announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests, requiring licenses for specific exports and imposing restrictions on assistance to foreign rare earth activities [2][7]. Export Control Measures - Exporters must obtain permission to export technologies related to rare earth mining, refining, metallurgy, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources [2][3]. - Exporters are defined as Chinese citizens, legal entities, and organizations, and the term "export" includes various forms of transfer or provision of controlled items [3][4]. Compliance and Reporting Obligations - Exporters are required to apply for export licenses and submit relevant documentation, including a description of the controlled technology being transferred [4][5]. - Exporters must enhance compliance awareness and can consult the Ministry of Commerce if uncertain about whether their items fall under the control measures [4][5]. Restrictions on Assistance - Individuals and organizations are prohibited from providing substantial assistance to foreign rare earth activities without permission, with violations subject to penalties [5][6]. Implementation Timeline - The announcement takes effect immediately, with updates to the export control list [6][10]. Specific Export Control Items - The controlled items include various rare earth metals and materials, such as samarium, dysprosium, and neodymium, as well as related manufacturing technologies [11][12][13][14][15].

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests [1][3] - The decision is based on relevant laws and regulations, including the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China [3] Group 1: Export Control Regulations - Export of the following items requires permission: technologies related to rare earth mining, smelting separation, metal smelting, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources [3][4] - Exporters must apply for export licenses for controlled items and provide necessary documentation as specified [4][5] - The definition of "export" includes various forms of transfer or provision to foreign organizations or individuals [4] Group 2: Compliance and Responsibilities - Exporters are required to enhance compliance awareness and determine whether their goods, technologies, and services fall under controlled items [5][6] - Any individual or organization must not provide intermediary services for activities that violate the export control regulations [5][6] - Technologies that have entered the public domain or are necessary for basic scientific research are not subject to these controls [6] Group 3: Implementation and Updates - The announcement takes effect immediately upon publication, and the Export Control List will be updated accordingly [7]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce has announced export controls on certain rare earth items to foreign military users and specific importers listed in the export control list, with applications generally not permitted [1] - Exporters must apply for dual-use item export licenses if they are aware that their goods, technology, or services will significantly assist in foreign rare earth mining, smelting, metal refining, magnet manufacturing, or recycling activities [1] - The announcement specifies the definitions and scope of "rare earth," "smelting separation," "metal refining," and "rare earth secondary resources" according to relevant regulations [1] Group 2 - Huaxi Securities noted that the U.S. government is actively working to rebuild its rare earth industry, but global production of rare earth permanent magnets remains highly concentrated in China in the short term [1] - Guojin Securities believes that price increases, supply chain adjustments, and strategic attributes of the sector will lead to continued valuation and performance growth in the rare earth sector [1] Group 3 - Kinglong Permanent Magnet (300748) has achieved the highest production and sales volume in the global rare earth permanent magnet materials industry for 2024, leveraging its advantages in technology, capacity, and customer resources, while also expanding into new application areas such as humanoid robots [2] - China Minmetals' subsidiary, Hunan Xikang Mining's Shining Antimony Industry, fully controls over 300,000 tons of antimony resources [3] - Jiangxi Copper (600362) produces products that include crude antimony and sodium antimonate compounds [4]

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce of China has announced export control measures for certain dual-use items to safeguard national security and interests, requiring specific export licenses for overseas organizations and individuals before exporting these items to other countries [1][2][3] Group 1: Export Control Measures - Overseas specific exporters must obtain export licenses for items manufactured abroad that contain or integrate Chinese-origin items listed in the announcement, with a value proportion of 0.1% or more [1] - Export applications to military users and those listed in the export control list will generally not be approved [1] - Applications for items intended for the development or production of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, or military enhancement will also generally be denied [1][2] Group 2: Special Cases and Reporting - Export applications for research and production of advanced logic chips (14nm and below) and storage chips (256 layers and above) will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis [2] - Humanitarian aid-related exports do not require a license but must be reported to the Ministry of Commerce within 10 working days post-export [2][3] - Exporters must provide compliance notices to overseas importers and end-users when exporting controlled items [3] Group 3: Implementation Timeline - The measures regarding the first two points will take effect from December 1, 2025, while the third point is effective immediately upon publication [3]

Core Viewpoint - In late 2024, China implemented strict export controls on rare earths, significantly impacting the global supply chain, particularly for the U.S. market, leading to a surge in illegal smuggling activities by U.S. companies themselves [1][2][3] Group 1: Policy Impact - China's new export control policy prohibits the export of rare earths for military use to the U.S. and requires permits for other types, marking an upgrade in China's control over the global rare earth industry [1][10] - Following the policy's implementation, rare earth prices in the U.S. skyrocketed by over 230%, prompting illegal smuggling activities [3][10] Group 2: Smuggling Dynamics - Smuggling operations often disguise rare earths within ordinary goods, making detection difficult, with illegal rare earths priced nearly 50% lower than legal ones, attracting U.S. companies to the underground market [3][5] - U.S. rare earth companies, facing market share erosion due to smuggling, began to self-fund evidence collection against smugglers, realizing that only intervention from the Chinese government could effectively address the issue [5][6] Group 3: Corporate Responses - Some U.S. companies chose to report smuggling activities to protect their market interests, with examples like MP Materials focusing on reporting rather than expanding production capacity [8][14] - The actions of U.S. companies in reporting smuggling have led to increased market share and stock price boosts for those involved, indicating a strategic shift towards legal compliance [8][14] Group 4: Regulatory Measures - China has initiated a series of strong measures against rare earth smuggling, including the use of nano-level electronic tags for traceability and a comprehensive regulatory framework from extraction to application [10][11] - The revised Mineral Resources Law in 2025 increased penalties for smuggling, with severe consequences for significant offenses, reflecting China's commitment to controlling the rare earth supply chain [11][14] Group 5: Global Competition - The rare earth industry is characterized by a complex interplay of global resource governance, technological competition, and national interests, with control over the supply chain being crucial for competitive advantage [13][14] - China's response to the smuggling issue highlights its role as a rule-maker in the global rare earth market, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and compliant industry practices for long-term success [14]

Group 1 - The "Critical Minerals Alliance," led by the U.S. and comprising 31 countries, has initiated measures targeting China's rare earths, including a $5 billion global exploration fund for projects in Australia and Canada [1] - The European Union is advancing plans to establish an "Eastern European Rare Earth Corridor," aiming for 20% self-sufficiency in rare earths by 2030 through the construction of separation plants in Hungary and Poland [1] - The U.S. is relaxing environmental standards to expedite rare earth mining in Minnesota, despite local protests from indigenous communities [1] Group 2 - Australia's Mount Weld mine has been operational for five years, but all extracted rare earths still require processing in China due to a lack of critical separation technology locally [2] - Chinese companies, such as Northern Rare Earth, have developed advanced separation processes and maintain a significant technological edge in rare earth materials [3] Group 3 - The U.S. is imposing a 25% tariff on Chinese rare earth magnets starting April 2025 and has established import quotas with Japan and South Korea, limiting their purchases from China to 60% [3] - The EU is planning to impose a carbon tax on Chinese rare earth oxides, but Chinese companies have managed to reduce carbon emissions significantly, leading to a delay in the tax's implementation [4] Group 4 - The U.S. Department of Defense is funding research for alternatives to rare earths, but current substitutes like iron-nitride alloys are not viable for high-performance applications [5] - Pakistan has signed a rare earth cooperation agreement with the U.S., planning a two-phase investment to explore and develop its rare earth resources, which could provide significant economic benefits [7][9] Group 5 - Despite the potential of U.S.-Pakistan cooperation, it is unlikely to impact China's dominance in the rare earth sector in the short term due to the lengthy timeline for exploration and production [11] - China currently controls over 60% of global rare earth extraction and 92% of processing, maintaining a strong position in the industry [11][13]