Bond Market Dynamics - The bond market is experiencing uncertainty due to government borrowing, trade wars, and tax cuts [2] - Long bonds, particularly those maturing in 30 years or more, are at the center of concerns [4] - Volatility in the bond market has increased, with yields on long bonds spiking above 5%, nearing the highest since 2007 [6] - Investor demand for long bonds has disappeared, resembling the volatility of meme stocks or crypto [13] Fiscal Policy and Debt - The US is projected to incur another $22 trillion deficit over the next 10 years [3] - Concerns about fiscal spending are driving long-term interest rates up, requiring higher yields to compensate for risk [14] - Government fiscal deficit problems are a ticking time bomb, leading to higher, longer-term yields [22][23] Global Implications - A global movement of rates higher has been observed [18] - Volatility in long-term bonds poses a problem for governments, as investors demand higher yields [20] - Higher yields will affect housing affordability, auto loans, student loans, and credit card rates [21] - The selloff in longer term bonds shows investors that major governments have a huge fiscal deficit problem [22] Long Bond Specifics - Long bonds were popular when investors sought decent yields due to near-zero or negative interest rates in Europe and Japan [8] - Austria Century Bonds, maturing in 2120, have seen their price fall about 75% from their peak in 2021 [12] - Rising long-end yields have increased by some 50 basis points, signaling potential financial stress [7]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The "One Big Beautiful Bill" is projected to add $2.84 trillion in deficits through 2034, with two-thirds of this total ($1.89 trillion) occurring by 2029. Tax cuts are front-loaded and expire in 2028, while spending cuts, primarily affecting Medicaid, do not begin until 2027. The fiscal impulse is modest, estimated at about 0.2 percentage points in 2026, and is expected to become a drag thereafter [5][19][24]. Summary by Sections Legislative Overview - The House approved the reconciliation legislation for the Fiscal Year 2025 Concurrent Budget Resolution, known as the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBA), with a narrow margin of 215-214 [6]. Fiscal Impact - The bill is expected to result in a modest fiscal impulse of approximately 0.2 percentage points in 2026, with a significant drag on growth anticipated thereafter. The overall fiscal stance is viewed as regressive, with tax cuts benefiting upper-income households while spending cuts impact low-income households [5][8][48]. Major Provisions - The legislation includes provisions that extend and expand the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), maintain current individual income tax rates, and restore bonus depreciation deductions for qualified investments. New tax cuts include no taxes on tips and overtime, and an enhanced state and local tax deduction (SALT) cap increased to $40,000 [10][11][12][13]. Spending Cuts - Major spending reductions proposed include cuts to Medicaid, which will impose work requirements and reduce federal assistance. The bill also reduces spending on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and modifies student loan provisions, leading to an estimated $250-$300 billion reduction in SNAP outlays and $350 billion in student loan savings over ten years [17][18][19]. Deficit Projections - The report estimates that the OBBA could lead to a total deficit increase of approximately $2.84 trillion over ten years, with significant deficit reduction measures included. However, the net increase in the deficit could approach $4 trillion if tax cuts are extended beyond their planned expiration [18][19][27]. Tariff Revenues - The report notes that tariff revenues are not included in the scoring of the bill, but estimates suggest that they could be substantial, potentially offsetting a significant portion of the deficit increase. The effective tariff rate is projected to rise, contributing to revenue generation [33][35][40]. Economic Growth Implications - The initial fiscal impulse from the bill is expected to boost GDP in 2026, but this will likely be offset by later fiscal contractions, resulting in an average drag on real GDP of about -0.4% over ten years [64][65]. The report emphasizes that the fiscal multipliers associated with the bill's provisions are generally unfavorable, particularly for expansionary measures [62][64].

[Music] Greetings everyone. It is uh in the know day as well employment Friday uh and uh we have a lot to discuss as usual we'll we'll go through fiscal policy monetary policy economic indicators market indicators and uh we'll talk a little bit about uh some real breakthroughs in terms of uh the market recognizing how much innovation is taking place. Um so uh starting w with fiscal policy and I'll I'll go through and and just uh make a few observations before we flip to charts.So um on fiscal policy, well t ...

May 30, 2025 12:00 PM GMT May 30, 2025 US Economics US Consumer Chartbook 2Q25: What You Need to Know Now Our US Consumer Chartbook Michael Gapen Our quarterly US Consumer Chartbook, a one-stop shop for monitoring the US consumer, includes analysis and forecasts for three broad categories: Labor Market & Income, Consumption & Sentiment, and Credit & Balance Sheet. Each quarter, we spotlight a topical theme. In this edition, we examine the potential impacts of the tax bill on different consumer cohorts and d ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Manufacturing PMI in China softened from 50.3 in November to 50.1 in December, while non-manufacturing PMI increased significantly from 50.0 to 52.2, indicating a positive trend in the services and construction sectors [1][2] - Property sales in top-tier cities have shown notable increases, with new home sales up nearly 40% year-over-year and existing home sales rising more than 50% year-over-year, suggesting a stabilization in the property market led by these cities [3][7] - The report highlights a significant inventory overhang in lower-tier cities, indicating that national property prices may have further room to decline, and homebuilding activity is expected to remain depressed for an extended period [3] Summary by Sections Manufacturing Sector - The official NBS manufacturing PMI decreased slightly, indicating a softening in manufacturing activity, while the non-manufacturing PMI showed improvement, particularly in construction and services [1][2] Property Market - High-frequency tracking indicates that property sales in major cities are significantly higher than the previous year, with a 40% increase in new home sales and over 50% in existing home sales [3][7] - The report suggests that the recovery in the property market is primarily driven by top-tier cities, while lower-tier cities continue to face challenges due to excess inventory [3] Policy Developments - Recent policy announcements indicate a commitment to accelerate credit extension and potential cuts to the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) and policy rates in early 2025, reflecting a proactive approach to economic management [8]

V i e w p o i n t | 14 May 2025 09:31:57 ET │ 11 pages China Economics The Fiscal Push in China's Monetary Data CITI'S TAKE New credit missed expectations in April. Fiscal policy is now a dominant driver for China's new credit. Government bond financing has been almost the sole contributor to the increase of new TSF, and debt swap has dragged corporate loans. For this May-Dec, governments still have ~RMB9trn bond quota, yet the fiscal boost to new credit could be close to its peak. Meanwhile, households cou ...

（转自：有色问五矿） 美联储货币政策表态偏鹰派，市场对于其宽松节点的预期延后。美国经济衰退风险的加大仍将令美联储 在下半年进一步调降政策利率，美国财政赤字水平在特朗普任期内仍将继续扩张。此背景下的黄金何去 何从？美联储偏鹰，黄金就不会涨吗？ 【温馨提示】 近期行情波动较大，为了方便交流，我们组建了一个行情交流群！每天群里都有大神分享股票与商品观 点和交易！ 持仓方面，截至5月6日当周最新数据，COMEX黄金管理基金净持仓下降3804手至10.2万手，COMEX白 银管理基金净持仓下降856手至2.98万手，COMEX黄金总持仓量由议息会议前5月7日的45.2万手下降至 9日的43.8万手。不论是从宏观环境还是资金持仓来看，短期贵金属价格均存在走势偏弱的驱动。 | 图22:美联储资产负债表周度变化情况(单位:亿美元) | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | 英联储换产负债表用度安化(单位:它黄元) | | | | | | | 最产销 | 本用 上用 | | 变化情况。 负债编 | | 8.图 上周 | | 要 ...

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported a positive economic return of 2.6% for the quarter, consisting of a $0.34 dividend and a modest $0.11 decline in book value to $8.81 [9][10] - The estimated book value per common share as of April 30 is between $7.74 and $8.06, reflecting a decline in April due to market volatility [10][26] - The leverage ratio was reduced from 7.1x to the mid-6s, indicating a cautious approach in response to market conditions [24][26] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The agency RMBS portfolio increased by 9.5% quarter over quarter, with investments focused on higher coupon securities [19] - The company rotated its allocations from lower coupons to higher coupons, capitalizing on attractive valuations [20] - Agency CMBS exposure remained at approximately 15% of the total investment portfolio, with new purchases yielding low double-digit ROEs [21] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - U.S. Treasury yields declined by 20 to 40 basis points across the yield curve during the first quarter, driven by concerns over economic growth [12][13] - The Fed funds futures market is now pricing in deeper cuts, with expectations for the target rate to be reduced three to four times in 2025 [14] - Agency mortgages underperformed treasuries in April due to increased interest rate volatility and market sell-offs [9][23] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on higher coupon Agency RMBS, anticipating improved demand from banks and overseas investors as interest rate volatility declines [20][26] - The strategy includes increasing allocations to specified pools with predictable prepayment characteristics, particularly those with low credit score borrowers [20] - The company is cautious on agency mortgages in the near term but maintains a favorable long-term outlook due to expected improvements in investor demand [10][26] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted tightening financial conditions and increased uncertainty regarding monetary and fiscal policies, impacting market sentiment [6][10] - The outlook for the second half of the year is cautiously optimistic, with expectations for improved demand for Agency RMBS as the economic environment stabilizes [16][26] - Management emphasized the importance of maintaining liquidity and reducing leverage to navigate current market volatility [24][26] Other Important Information - The company has been disciplined in adding exposure to Agency CMBS, focusing on relative value and risk diversification [21] - The funding market for assets has remained stable, with repo spreads consistent and haircuts unchanged [15] - The company has sold remaining credit investments, focusing entirely on agency assets [65] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you discuss the decision to take down leverage? - The company reduced leverage by about 0.5 turns due to increased uncertainty regarding monetary, fiscal, and trade policy, which could impact mortgage demand [29][30] Question: What are the current returns on an incremental basis? - Levered ROEs are in the low 20s on higher coupons, indicating attractive spreads [32] Question: Can you comment on changes to the hedge portfolio in April? - The hedge ratio was increased due to uncertainty about near-term monetary policy, maintaining a mix of swaps and treasuries [35][36] Question: How does the smaller portfolio size impact the dividend level? - The company is comfortably covering the dividend despite the portfolio size reduction, with supportive ROEs from reinvestments [38] Question: How do current opportunities in agency compare to previous peaks? - The opportunity in mortgages is attractive, but there is caution regarding potential inflation and its impact on monetary policy adjustments [41][42] Question: What is the outlook for forward rates and the hedge portfolio? - There is uncertainty about future cuts, with a conservative approach to managing the hedge portfolio and leverage [50][52] Question: Are there opportunities in commercial credit? - The company has been hesitant to add credit exposure and has sold remaining credit investments, focusing solely on agency assets [64][65]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported a positive economic return of 2.6% for the quarter, consisting of a $0.34 dividend and a modest $0.11 decline in book value to $8.81 [7][22] - The estimated book value per common share as of April 30 is between $7.74 and $8.06, reflecting a decline in April due to market volatility [8][21] - The leverage ratio was reduced from 7.1x to the mid-6s during the quarter, indicating a cautious approach in response to market conditions [21][23] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The agency RMBS portfolio increased by 9.5% quarter over quarter, with investments focused on higher coupon securities [17] - The company rotated its allocations from lower coupons to higher coupons, capitalizing on attractive valuations [18] - Agency CMBS exposure remained at approximately 15% of the total investment portfolio, with new purchases yielding low double-digit ROEs [19] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - U.S. Treasury yields declined by 20 to 40 basis points across the yield curve during the first quarter, driven by concerns over economic growth [10][11] - The Fed funds futures market is now pricing in deeper cuts, with expectations for the target rate to be reduced three to four times in 2025 [12] - Agency mortgages underperformed treasuries in April due to increased interest rate volatility and market sell-offs [21][23] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on higher coupon Agency RMBS, anticipating improved demand as interest rate volatility declines [18][23] - The strategy includes increasing allocations to specified pools with predictable prepayment characteristics, particularly in a slowing economic environment [18] - The company is cautious about agency mortgages in the near term but maintains a favorable long-term outlook due to expected improvements in investor demand [8][23] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed concerns about tightening financial conditions and the potential impact of U.S. trade policies on economic growth [5][6] - The outlook remains cautious due to elevated interest rate volatility and policy uncertainty, but there is optimism for a steeper yield curve and improved demand in the long term [23] - Management highlighted the importance of maintaining liquidity to navigate potential market stress while capitalizing on investment opportunities as conditions improve [23] Other Important Information - The company noted that prepayment speeds remained low due to limited purchase and refinancing activity, but a decline in mortgage rates is expected to increase prepayment speeds in the coming months [6][7] - The funding market for the company's assets has been stable, with repo spreads remaining attractive [14] Q&A Session Summary Question: Discussion on leverage management during volatile periods - Management indicated that leverage was reduced by about 0.5 turns in April due to increased uncertainty regarding monetary and fiscal policy [26][28] Question: Comments on returns and spreads - Management noted that levered ROEs are in the low 20s on higher coupons, indicating attractive spreads [30] Question: Changes to the hedge portfolio - The hedge ratio was increased in response to uncertainty about near-term monetary policy, maintaining a mix of swaps and treasuries [34] Question: Impact of portfolio size on dividend levels - Management confirmed that the recent dividend reduction is still comfortably covered by current earnings [36] Question: Opportunity set in agency compared to previous peaks - Management expressed that the current opportunity in mortgages is attractive, but there is caution due to potential inflation and its impact on monetary policy [40][41] Question: Relative value of loan balance pools - Management discussed the rotation from low loan balance pools to more credit-constrained pools, driven by economic uncertainty and pricing dynamics [42][44] Question: Forward rate outlook and hedge portfolio development - Management emphasized a conservative approach to hedging and leverage, given the uncertainty in interest rate cuts [50][52] Question: Opportunities in commercial credit - Management stated that they are currently not looking to add credit exposure and have sold remaining credit investments, focusing solely on agency assets [61][62]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a cautious outlook on the fiscal situation in China, expecting further fiscal easing ahead due to ongoing economic challenges [1][9]. Core Insights - Fiscal revenue growth improved to +0.3% year-on-year in March from -1.6% in January-February, driven by stronger-than-expected activity data [2][5]. - Fiscal expenditure growth rose to +5.7% year-on-year in March from +3.4% in January-February, primarily due to increased spending in energy saving, environmental protection, and agriculture [6]. - The ongoing property downturn continues to negatively impact local government funding, with land sales revenue declining by -16.3% year-on-year in March [7][8]. Summary by Sections Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure - On-budget fiscal revenue growth was +0.3% year-on-year in March, a recovery from -1.6% in January-February, with tax revenue contraction narrowing to -2.2% [2][5]. - Fiscal expenditure growth increased to +5.7% year-on-year in March, up from +3.4% in January-February, driven by specific sectors [6]. Property Sector Impact - Property-related government revenue remained weak, with land sales revenue down -16.3% year-on-year in March, indicating continued pressure from the property market [7][8]. - The contraction in property-related tax revenue narrowed to -0.1% in March from -11.4% in January-February, suggesting some stabilization [7]. Augmented Fiscal Deficit (AFD) - The AFD metric narrowed to -10.9% of GDP in March from -11.6% in February on a 3-month moving average basis, while it widened slightly on a 12-month moving average basis [3][8]. - The forecast for the AFD metric is expected to widen by 4.1 percentage points of GDP to 14.5% in 2025, indicating a shift in fiscal policy from a growth drag to a potential driver [9].