光明日报记者 傅 强 尕玛多吉 西藏的风凛冽而纯粹，掠过拉萨河谷的砾石，拂过卡若遗址的断壁。风蚀雪覆的石头下，可能镌刻着人类踏 足"世界屋脊"的密码；终年不化的冻土里，或许包裹着中华文明多元一体的基因。 越来越多的考古发现表明，距今1万年前后，细石器技术已在西藏大范围出现；距今5000年左右，西藏大部分 区域进入新石器时代；距今3800年左右，铜器开始出现在这片土地上；距今2800年左右，铁器加入西藏古代 人类社会的发展进程。这条清晰的技术演进链条，反驳了"西藏文化孤立发展"的陈旧观点，揭示出高原古代 人群始终与周边区域保持着密切交流。这种交流远不只技术的传播，更是跨越地理与文化的意义重构——绝 非单向输入，亦非简单模仿，而是在互动中夯实了雪域高原与中原腹地共享的价值观念与情感认同。 "碳-14和光释光测年数据显示，该期遗存早于距今5.3万年，甚至可能早至距今8万年左右。"领队王社江带领 着由西藏自治区文物保护研究所等单位组成的联合考古队，此前已经在位于阿里地区革吉县的梅龙达普洞穴 遗址连续发掘了6个年头，收获了"2023年度全国十大考古新发现"的重大成果。"梅龙达普一号和二号洞已出 土旧石器时代至早期金属时 ...

新华社拉萨12月23日电（记者旦增尼玛曲珠）记者23日从西藏文物事业"十四五"时期发展成就新闻发布 会获悉，"十四五"以来，西藏围绕青藏高原人类起源、农牧业起源、西藏地区与中原地区联系、西藏地 方文化演进过程等重大历史问题，系统实施42项主动性考古发掘项目和200余项大型基建项目考古调 查，为中华文明多元一体格局和中华民族交往交流交融的历史进程提供了实物证据与学术支撑。 ...

Core Insights - The discovery of over 5,000 immovable cultural relics and numerous prehistoric sites on the Tibetan Plateau provides significant insights into human survival skills, cultural development, and historical evolution in the region [1][2][3] Archaeological Findings - The Meilongdap site in western Ali is the highest prehistoric cave site globally, yielding over 10,000 cultural relics from the Paleolithic to early metal ages [1] - The Shanggagang site in central Duilong has important archaeological evidence from the middle and late Paleolithic periods, aiding in understanding early human adaptation to the Tibetan Plateau [1] - The Niaodi site in northern Shenzha, dated to 40,000-30,000 years ago, reveals a large wilderness stone tool site, illustrating the lifestyle of the earliest populations in the Tibetan Plateau [1] Historical Context - The Tibetan Plateau has historically been a crossroads of East Asian, South Asian, and Central Asian civilizations, with evidence of extensive trade networks during prehistoric times [2] - The population on the plateau is not homogeneous; it has been shaped by multiple waves of migration and cultural exchange over different historical periods [2] Cultural Development - Evidence indicates that human groups began to permanently settle in the Tibetan Plateau around 5,000-3,000 years ago, with the emergence of the earliest villages and a shift towards agriculture and animal husbandry [3] - By 1,400 years ago, the unified Tubo regime emerged, showcasing significant cultural exchanges with the Tang Dynasty and surrounding regions [4] Recent Archaeological Initiatives - Since 2018, 8-10 major archaeological projects in Tibet have been supported by the National Cultural Heritage Administration, leading to significant discoveries that enhance the understanding of Tibetan archaeology and its cultural evolution [4]

Core Insights - The Yuan Shangdu site serves as a significant historical testament to the interactions and cultural exchanges among various ethnic groups in China, reflecting a rich tapestry of multi-ethnic integration [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Significance - Yuan Shangdu, located in Inner Mongolia, was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2012, highlighting its importance as a historical and cultural landmark [1]. - The site features a well-planned layout that includes a palace city, royal city, outer city, warehouses, markets, and inns, showcasing a blend of architectural styles from different cultures [1][2]. Group 2: Architectural Features - The Da'an Pavilion, the most important palace within Yuan Shangdu, stands at 69 meters tall and exhibits traditional Central Plains architectural styles with a wooden mortise and tenon structure [2]. - A notable artifact, a white marble dragon column, was discovered at the site, measuring 2.1 meters in height and adorned with intricate carvings that reflect Central Plains cultural characteristics [2]. Group 3: Cultural Heritage and Preservation - The Yuan Shangdu site spans approximately 251 square kilometers, with a buffer zone of about 1507 square kilometers, encompassing various natural landscapes and archaeological features [2]. - Ongoing efforts to enhance the protection and utilization of the site include the implementation of a digital monitoring system covering 40 square kilometers, which utilizes IoT sensors and satellite technology for real-time data collection [3]. - Current projects aim to improve the exhibition of cultural heritage, digitize important artifacts, and apply for the designation of a national archaeological park, thereby promoting the preservation and appreciation of historical culture [3].

Core Viewpoint - The Xixia Tombs have been officially included in the World Heritage List, marking a significant recognition of their historical and cultural value, and becoming the first World Heritage site in Ningxia and the 60th in China [3][7]. Summary by Sections Historical Significance - The Xixia Tombs, located at the foot of the Helan Mountains, are the largest and most well-preserved imperial tombs from the Xixia period, comparable in scale to the Song Tombs in Henan and the Ming Tombs in Beijing [3][7]. - The site includes 9 imperial tombs and 271 accompanying graves, with a total area of approximately 12 kilometers long and 1-5 kilometers wide [7][9]. Archaeological Research and Findings - Systematic archaeological work began in the 1970s, with significant excavations conducted from 1972 to 1975, uncovering numerous artifacts including gold and silver items, ceramics, and various burial goods [9][12]. - A total of 7,100 artifacts have been cataloged, with many more remaining uncounted at the site [12]. Cultural and Academic Value - The artifacts reflect a blend of agricultural and nomadic cultures, showcasing the coexistence of different cultural influences, including Confucianism and Buddhism [12][15]. - The Xixia Tombs serve as a testament to the interactions and integrations among various ethnic groups in China, highlighting the cultural exchanges that occurred during the Xixia period [15][17]. Future Development and Preservation - The successful application for World Heritage status is expected to enhance the visibility and appreciation of the Xixia Tombs, emphasizing their role in the historical narrative of China's multi-ethnic society [17][20]. - Recommendations for further research and preservation include establishing a digital archive and utilizing AI technology for virtual reconstructions of the site [20][21].