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什么情况?欧盟砸430亿抢芯片产能,美国回击:3690亿新能源补贴
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-05-19 10:00
Group 1: Trade Disputes and Economic Impact - The trade deficit between the US and EU exceeded $218 billion in 2023, marking a 23% year-on-year increase, reflecting a deep restructuring of global supply chains [1] - The US and EU are engaged in a "cross-Atlantic economic war," with significant implications for global industry dynamics [1] Group 2: Digital Tax and Semiconductor Legislation - The EU's digital services tax results in an additional $7.4 billion annual cost for US tech companies like Amazon and Google [3] - The US CHIPS and Science Act restricts companies receiving $52 billion in subsidies from expanding in the EU, leading to delays in investments such as STMicroelectronics' €4 billion factory in France [3] - The competition for technological dominance is intensifying, particularly in the production of 2nm chips, which are crucial for the digital economy [3] Group 3: Renewable Energy Subsidy Competition - The EU's Net Zero Industry Act aims for 40% of local clean technology production by 2030, challenging the US Inflation Reduction Act's $369 billion in renewable subsidies [5] - Tesla has paused expansion in Germany to focus on a new lithium battery factory in Texas, while the share of solar components imported from Southeast Asia has increased from 25% in 2021 to 42% in 2023 [5] - The imposition of green tariffs between the US and EU has raised wind project costs by 19% and extended solar project timelines by 8 months [5] Group 4: Corporate Adaptation to Regulatory Changes - Multinational companies are facing increased operational costs due to dual compliance with regulations like the EU's Digital Markets Act and the US Cloud Act, with Microsoft spending $2.7 billion annually [7] - Companies are restructuring supply chains, as seen with Volkswagen establishing separate battery supplier systems for Europe and North America [7] - A survey indicates that 67% of multinational companies view "regionalized production" as essential, exemplified by BMW's reduced production line compatibility across its global factories [7] Group 5: New Economic Dynamics - The trade disputes are leading to the emergence of new economic patterns, including distinct regional technology standards for automotive smart driving [9] - Nearshoring is on the rise, with Mexico surpassing $50 billion in exports to the US, becoming the largest source of imports for the US, replacing China [9] - The EU's Horizon program has seen a 14% loss of top AI researchers to US companies, highlighting the intense competition for talent [9] Group 6: Globalization and Industry Policy - The ongoing trade tensions are reshaping the global economy into multiple "economic hemispheres," with significant implications for industry policies [11] - The power of industrial policy is becoming as influential as military might, with companies facing fragmented economic challenges due to regional regulations [11] - Future products may carry the genetic code of regional competition, as seen in the differing requirements for batteries in the EU and US [11]