Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of building a modern industrial system as a material and technological foundation for a modernized nation, with a focus on the real economy to support the second centenary goal [1][2] - The construction of a modern industrial system is a global competitive focus, especially in the context of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation [2][3] - The imbalance in industrial structures can lead to social and political instability, as seen in the challenges faced by the US and Europe [2][3] Group 2 - China needs a modern industrial system characterized by completeness, advancement, safety, and the ability to be self-controlled [4][5] - The system should ensure large production capacity to meet the demands of a population exceeding 1.4 billion, with a middle-income group of over 400 million [5][6] - Economic activities must be diversified to avoid over-competition and "involution," which can arise from a lack of new economic activities [6][7] Group 3 - The relationship between traditional and modern production must be managed carefully, recognizing that traditional sectors can also embody modernity [10][11] - The US and UK have faced challenges due to an overemphasis on modern sectors at the expense of traditional industries, leading to deindustrialization [11][12] - A complete industrial system requires both the development of new productive forces and the consolidation of traditional productive forces [12][13] Group 4 - The integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is crucial for developing new productive forces [14][15] - The "three drivers" of technological innovation include basic research, application technology transformation, and financial services, all of which are essential for economic development [15][16] - A robust financial system is necessary to support the transformation of application technologies and to foster innovation [21][22] Group 5 - Systemic reforms are needed to address the shortcomings in the current research and innovation ecosystem, including the relationship between research funding and practical application [20][23] - Pilot reforms in specific regions can facilitate effective changes in the innovation landscape, allowing for the testing of new policies and practices [23][24] - The establishment of a "big research system" is essential for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system and fostering new productive forces [19][20]