Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of building a modern industrial system as a material and technological foundation for a modern nation, with a focus on the real economy to support long-term development goals [1][2] - The construction of a modern industrial system is a global competitive focus, especially in the context of technological revolutions and industrial transformations, with many countries facing internal socio-political issues rooted in economic challenges [2][3] - The characteristics of a modern industrial system for a large economy like China should include completeness, scale, diversity, density, and advancement [4][5][6][7] Group 2 - The relationship between traditional and modern production must be carefully managed, recognizing that traditional sectors can also embody modernity and that new technologies should enhance existing industries rather than replace them [10][13] - The development of new quality productivity is crucial, requiring a strategic focus on technological innovation, traditional industry upgrades, and the establishment of a robust national innovation system [9][14][19] - A "big research system" is essential for fostering new quality productivity, integrating basic research, application technology transformation, and financial services to support innovation [18][19][21]

建设现代化产业体系，是习近平经济思想的重要内容。2023年5月5日，习近平总书记主持召开二十届中 央财经委员会第一次会议，研究加快建设现代化产业体系问题，强调"现代化产业体系是现代化国家的 物质技术基础，必须把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，为实现第二个百年奋斗目标提供坚强物质支 撑"。2025年4月30日，习近平总书记在上海主持召开部分省区市"十五五"时期经济社会发展座谈会时强 调，谋划"十五五"时期经济社会发展，要前瞻性把握国际形势发展变化对我国的影响，因势利导对经济 布局进行调整优化。党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个 五年规划的建议》，把"建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮大实体经济根基"列为战略任务之首并作出系统部 署。 从国际层面看，建设现代化产业体系也是当代世界政治经济学的核心内容。在一个不确定的时代，各国 无一不追求建设现代化产业体系。今天，在人类迎来新一轮科技革命和产业变革的时候，现代化产业体 系建设已经成为全球范围内主要国家间的竞争焦点。尽管越来越多的国家面临内部社会政治问题，但很 多问题的根源是经济问题，尤其是现代化产业体系问题。尽管一些发达国家就产业的现代 ...