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Core Viewpoint - The onset of winter has been perceived earlier this year in northern China, particularly in Shanxi province, due to a significant drop in temperatures and continuous rainy weather since October, leading to early heating supply in Taiyuan [1][4]. Group 1: Weather Conditions - Northern regions of China, including Shanxi, have experienced continuous rainy weather and a sharp decline in temperatures since October [1]. - Taiyuan began its heating supply on October 19, more than ten days earlier than the same period last year [1]. - The minimum temperature in southern Beijing dropped below freezing on October 20, prompting public comments about an abrupt transition to winter [1]. Group 2: Meteorological Definitions - The term "入冬" (entering winter) is defined meteorologically as the first day when the sliding average temperature falls below 10 degrees Celsius [3]. - "立冬" (Beginning of Winter) and "冬至" (Winter Solstice) are traditional solar terms, with "立冬" fixed around November 7 or 8, and "冬至" marking the shortest day of the year [3]. Group 3: Perception of Cold - Residents in Taiyuan report feeling a stark cold, with comments on the biting wind and sudden temperature drop [4]. - Meteorological experts indicate that while some areas may feel like winter has arrived, actual winter conditions are not met in Taiyuan, where temperatures are expected to remain above 10 degrees Celsius in the coming days [5]. - The discrepancy between perceived and actual temperatures is attributed to factors such as wind speed, humidity, and sudden changes in weather patterns, leading to a psychological feeling of "winter" despite meteorological definitions [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the early onset of winter in northern China, particularly in Shanxi province, where temperatures have dropped significantly, prompting early heating measures in cities like Taiyuan. The perception of an abrupt transition from autumn to winter is highlighted, along with the meteorological definitions of winter onset. Group 1: Weather Conditions - Northern China has experienced continuous rainy weather and a sharp drop in temperatures since October, leading to early heating measures in Taiyuan starting on October 19, over ten days earlier than last year [1] - The minimum temperature in Beijing's southern suburbs fell below freezing on October 20, with many residents expressing that it feels like "instant winter" this year [1] Group 2: Meteorological Definitions - The article explains the difference between meteorological winter onset, which is defined by a stable average temperature below 10 degrees Celsius, and the traditional solar terms of winter, such as "Lidong" (立冬) and "Dongzhi" (冬至) [3][5] - In Taiyuan, the upcoming days are expected to have maximum temperatures exceeding 10 degrees Celsius, indicating that it does not meet the meteorological criteria for winter onset yet [5] Group 3: Perception of Temperature - The article notes that the feeling of cold experienced by residents is influenced by various factors such as wind speed, humidity, and clothing, leading to a discrepancy between actual temperatures and perceived cold [6] - The abrupt transition from warmer autumn temperatures to around 10 degrees Celsius contributes to a heightened perception of an early winter, creating a psychological effect of a "cliff-like drop" in temperature [6]

Group 1 - The article discusses the extreme heat wave affecting multiple countries in the Northern Hemisphere, with temperatures exceeding 43°C in Spain and Portugal, and over 40°C in parts of West Asia and North Africa [2][6][10] - In China, the average temperature reached 21.1°C by June 25, 2025, marking the highest level since 1961, with predictions indicating temperatures in North China could exceed 42°C for over 30 days [6][10] - The World Meteorological Organization links these high-temperature events to the "heat dome" phenomenon, which is characterized by a persistent high-pressure system trapping heat in a specific area [10][11] Group 2 - The "heat dome" acts like a stubborn "goalkeeper," preventing cold air from entering, which leads to rising temperatures and extreme heat conditions [3][11] - The formation of the "heat dome" is influenced by three main factors: the inability of warm air to rise, descending air currents that enhance solar radiation, and prolonged dry weather that decreases soil moisture, creating a feedback loop that exacerbates heat [13][29] - The phenomenon is a natural occurrence, but its frequency and intensity are increasing due to global warming, posing significant challenges for humanity [13][26][29] Group 3 - The article highlights the critical threshold of wet bulb temperature at 35°C, which is considered the maximum temperature and humidity combination that the human body can withstand [14][19] - When wet bulb temperature reaches 35°C, it indicates that sweat cannot evaporate effectively, leading to a risk of heat-related illnesses and potentially death [16][19] - Research indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, the risk of death related to cardiovascular diseases increases by 2.1% [19][26]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the reasons why people feel hotter than the temperature reported by meteorological agencies, particularly during the ongoing high-temperature weather in China. It highlights the differences between measured temperatures and perceived temperatures due to various environmental factors. Group 1: Temperature Measurement and Perception - Meteorological temperature is measured in a standardized environment, specifically in a Stevenson screen located 1.5 meters above grass, which may not reflect ground-level temperatures in urban areas [3] - Urban surfaces like concrete and asphalt can be 4 to 5 degrees Celsius hotter than the temperature recorded in the Stevenson screen due to direct sunlight and heat absorption [3] - Perceived temperature, or "feels-like" temperature, is influenced by multiple factors including air pressure, wind, and humidity, making it subjective and variable among individuals [3] Group 2: Weather Patterns and Conditions - This year, the subtropical high pressure has moved northward earlier and has a larger influence, leading to significant moisture transport and higher humidity levels, resulting in a "sauna-like" environment in cities like Beijing [4] - The ongoing high-temperature weather is characterized by a long duration and wide impact, particularly in southern regions where humidity is notably high [5] Group 3: Public Health and Safety Recommendations - Experts advise the public to minimize outdoor activities during high temperatures and for those working outdoors to take necessary protective measures [5] - A national-level heat health risk warning system has been established, categorizing risks into five levels, allowing the public to take appropriate actions such as staying cool indoors and ensuring adequate hydration [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the discrepancies between forecasted temperatures and perceived temperatures during high heat events, emphasizing the role of humidity and individual factors in shaping personal comfort levels [1][2]. Group 1: Weather Forecasting - The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) predicts sustained high temperatures in various regions, including southern Hebei, Huanghuai, Jianghan, Jianghuai, northern Jiangnan, Guanzhong in Shaanxi, and the Sichuan Basin [1]. - Meteorologists are held accountable for their forecasts, as inaccurate predictions can affect their scoring, motivating them to improve accuracy [1]. - The temperature reported by meteorological departments is measured using standardized equipment, which may not reflect the higher temperatures experienced on surfaces like concrete or asphalt [1]. Group 2: Perceived Temperature - The difference between forecasted temperatures and personal comfort is attributed to various environmental factors, including humidity, air pressure, and wind [2]. - High humidity can significantly affect perceived temperature, with discomfort felt at around 33°C and 80% humidity [2]. - Individual differences, such as body type, clothing, activity level, and even mood, can influence how temperature is perceived [2]. Group 3: Health Risks and Warnings - The CMA and the National Health Commission have issued a national-level heat health risk warning system, categorizing risks into five levels based on health impacts related to high temperatures [2]. - Public recommendations include maintaining cool indoor environments, avoiding outdoor activities during peak heat, and ensuring adequate hydration to mitigate health risks associated with high temperatures [2].

Group 1 - The article discusses the ongoing high-temperature weather across various regions in China, with predictions of temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius in several areas, and some regions reaching up to 39 to 42 degrees Celsius [1][3] - The Central Meteorological Administration issued an orange alert for high temperatures on July 14, indicating the severity of the heatwave [1] - The article highlights the differences between forecasted temperatures and actual perceived temperatures due to environmental factors, such as urban heat islands and humidity levels [2][3] Group 2 - The article explains that the subtropical high pressure has moved northward earlier this year, contributing to the prolonged high-temperature conditions and increased humidity in central and eastern China [3] - A national-level health risk warning related to high temperatures has been issued, categorizing risks into five levels, allowing the public to take appropriate measures to mitigate health impacts [3]

Group 1 - The article discusses the upcoming high-temperature weather forecast in various regions of China, with temperatures reaching 39℃ to 41℃ in some areas, and high humidity contributing to discomfort [1] - Meteorologists emphasize that temperature readings are based on standardized measurements taken in a specific environment, which may differ from personal experiences in urban settings [1] - The discrepancy between forecasted temperatures and public perception is attributed to factors such as humidity, individual differences, and environmental conditions [2] Group 2 - Future weather forecasts may increasingly focus on "feels-like" temperatures rather than just actual temperatures, providing more relevant information to the public [2] - A national-level heat health risk warning system has been established, categorizing risks into five levels and offering public health recommendations to mitigate the effects of high temperatures [2]

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing high-temperature weather poses health risks, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, children, and individuals with chronic illnesses [1][4]. Group 1: Health Risks and Recommendations - The National Disease Control Bureau and the China Meteorological Administration have issued health risk warnings and recommendations during high-temperature alerts, advising the general public to stay indoors and reduce outdoor activities during yellow alerts, while vulnerable groups should avoid going outside during orange alerts [4]. - During red alerts, outdoor workers are advised to manage their work schedules wisely and use heat prevention supplies, seeking medical attention if they experience severe discomfort [4]. Group 2: Outdoor Activity Precautions - Before outdoor activities, individuals should take sun protection and cooling measures, such as using umbrellas, wearing hats, and avoiding clothing that hinders heat dissipation [6]. - It is recommended to hydrate with small amounts of saltwater or sports drinks to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, especially during intense exercise, with a suggested intake of 250 to 500 milliliters of warm water per hour [6]. Group 3: Travel and Personal Protection - Prior to traveling, individuals should monitor weather changes at their destination and prepare necessary personal protective items and medications, including checking if vaccinations are needed for international travel [8]. - During travel, it is crucial to prevent foodborne illnesses by practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding raw foods, and drinking safe water [8]. Group 4: Understanding Temperature and Humidity - The concept of "feels-like" temperature, which can be significantly higher than the actual air temperature due to humidity, is emphasized, with conditions where the perceived temperature can exceed the actual temperature by 1-7 degrees Celsius [10]. - In high humidity conditions, even temperatures below 30°C can feel excessively hot, leading to discomfort and health risks [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the ongoing extreme heat conditions in China's central and eastern regions, with temperatures expected to exceed 35°C and potentially reach historical highs in some areas. The heat wave is anticipated to persist, affecting various provinces and increasing health risks for vulnerable populations. Group 1: Weather Conditions - The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts sustained high temperatures above 35°C in regions such as southern North China, Huanghuai, Jianghan, and the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi, with some areas possibly exceeding 40°C [1][3] - This year, the intensity of high temperatures in provinces like Anhui and Henan is notably severe, with 30% of towns in Henan experiencing temperatures above 40°C [4] - National average high-temperature days have increased significantly, with the current average nearing 6 days, more than double the historical average for this time of year [6] Group 2: Energy Supply and Demand - As temperatures rise, electricity demand has surged, prompting the Zahahe Nur open-pit coal mine in Northeast China to operate at full capacity to ensure stable coal supply for power generation [9] - The mine's production efficiency has reached 1,885 tons per hour, with daily coal shipments to Northeast power plants totaling approximately 45,000 tons [9] Group 3: Health Risks and Precautions - The National Disease Control Bureau has issued health risk warnings related to high temperatures, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses [10] - Recommendations include maintaining indoor coolness, reducing outdoor activities during high-risk alerts, and ensuring outdoor workers manage their exposure to heat effectively [10]