Core Viewpoint - The onset of winter has been perceived earlier this year in northern China, particularly in Shanxi province, due to a significant drop in temperatures and continuous rainy weather since October, leading to early heating supply in Taiyuan [1][4]. Group 1: Weather Conditions - Northern regions of China, including Shanxi, have experienced continuous rainy weather and a sharp decline in temperatures since October [1]. - Taiyuan began its heating supply on October 19, more than ten days earlier than the same period last year [1]. - The minimum temperature in southern Beijing dropped below freezing on October 20, prompting public comments about an abrupt transition to winter [1]. Group 2: Meteorological Definitions - The term "入冬" (entering winter) is defined meteorologically as the first day when the sliding average temperature falls below 10 degrees Celsius [3]. - "立冬" (Beginning of Winter) and "冬至" (Winter Solstice) are traditional solar terms, with "立冬" fixed around November 7 or 8, and "冬至" marking the shortest day of the year [3]. Group 3: Perception of Cold - Residents in Taiyuan report feeling a stark cold, with comments on the biting wind and sudden temperature drop [4]. - Meteorological experts indicate that while some areas may feel like winter has arrived, actual winter conditions are not met in Taiyuan, where temperatures are expected to remain above 10 degrees Celsius in the coming days [5]. - The discrepancy between perceived and actual temperatures is attributed to factors such as wind speed, humidity, and sudden changes in weather patterns, leading to a psychological feeling of "winter" despite meteorological definitions [6].

而根据节气划分的四季中，冬季，以立冬为起点，冬至为中点，终点在立春前。立冬日期基本固定在每年的11月7日或者8日。冬至，俗称"数 九"，这一天太阳照射北半球时间最少，白天最短。 新华社太原10月21日电（记者樊欣阳、柴婷）10月以来，北方多地出现连阴雨天气，气温直线下降。为应对连续低温，山西太原19日开始提前供 暖，比去年同期早了10余天。北京南郊观象台20日最低气温跌破冰点，一些网友表示，今年感觉像是"一秒入冬"。 10月19日，工作人员在太原市集中供热调度中心监测供热情况。新华社记者 杨晨光 摄 入冬、立冬、冬至有啥区别？ "上一秒"还秋高气爽，"下一秒"就火速"入冬"，难道冬天真的来了？入冬、立冬、冬至，听起来好像都是迈入冬天的信号，它们有啥区别？ 山西省气候中心正研级高工刘月丽解释说，气象学上的入冬，是指按照气象学标准进入冬季的意思，而立冬、冬至均是二十四节气之一。从气象 学上来说，是以温度来划分四季。以当年5日滑动平均气温稳定降到10摄氏度以下时，第一个小于10摄氏度的日期作为冬季的开始。 不论如何，虽然有些地区气象意义上的冬天还未正式"报到"，但寒冷的感觉已然真实。大幅降温容易引发心血管类和呼吸系 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the extreme heat wave affecting multiple countries in the Northern Hemisphere, with temperatures exceeding 43°C in Spain and Portugal, and over 40°C in parts of West Asia and North Africa [2][6][10] - In China, the average temperature reached 21.1°C by June 25, 2025, marking the highest level since 1961, with predictions indicating temperatures in North China could exceed 42°C for over 30 days [6][10] - The World Meteorological Organization links these high-temperature events to the "heat dome" phenomenon, which is characterized by a persistent high-pressure system trapping heat in a specific area [10][11] Group 2 - The "heat dome" acts like a stubborn "goalkeeper," preventing cold air from entering, which leads to rising temperatures and extreme heat conditions [3][11] - The formation of the "heat dome" is influenced by three main factors: the inability of warm air to rise, descending air currents that enhance solar radiation, and prolonged dry weather that decreases soil moisture, creating a feedback loop that exacerbates heat [13][29] - The phenomenon is a natural occurrence, but its frequency and intensity are increasing due to global warming, posing significant challenges for humanity [13][26][29] Group 3 - The article highlights the critical threshold of wet bulb temperature at 35°C, which is considered the maximum temperature and humidity combination that the human body can withstand [14][19] - When wet bulb temperature reaches 35°C, it indicates that sweat cannot evaporate effectively, leading to a risk of heat-related illnesses and potentially death [16][19] - Research indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, the risk of death related to cardiovascular diseases increases by 2.1% [19][26]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the reasons why people feel hotter than the temperature reported by meteorological agencies, particularly during the ongoing high-temperature weather in China. It highlights the differences between measured temperatures and perceived temperatures due to various environmental factors. Group 1: Temperature Measurement and Perception - Meteorological temperature is measured in a standardized environment, specifically in a Stevenson screen located 1.5 meters above grass, which may not reflect ground-level temperatures in urban areas [3] - Urban surfaces like concrete and asphalt can be 4 to 5 degrees Celsius hotter than the temperature recorded in the Stevenson screen due to direct sunlight and heat absorption [3] - Perceived temperature, or "feels-like" temperature, is influenced by multiple factors including air pressure, wind, and humidity, making it subjective and variable among individuals [3] Group 2: Weather Patterns and Conditions - This year, the subtropical high pressure has moved northward earlier and has a larger influence, leading to significant moisture transport and higher humidity levels, resulting in a "sauna-like" environment in cities like Beijing [4] - The ongoing high-temperature weather is characterized by a long duration and wide impact, particularly in southern regions where humidity is notably high [5] Group 3: Public Health and Safety Recommendations - Experts advise the public to minimize outdoor activities during high temperatures and for those working outdoors to take necessary protective measures [5] - A national-level heat health risk warning system has been established, categorizing risks into five levels, allowing the public to take appropriate actions such as staying cool indoors and ensuring adequate hydration [5]

朱定真表示，未来气象部门的预报会越来越向人们的需求倾斜，比如可能会预报体感温度，而不再是简 单告诉大家气温为多少度，播报的信息中还要包含气温38℃和39℃有什么差异、哪些领域会受到影响 等。 "气象工作者不会有意将气温报高或报低，我们也会对预报员的预测进行评分，预报38℃但实际气温达 到40℃以上，预报员是不得分的。所以作为预报员，一定会努力报得越来越准。"中国气象局气象宣传 与科普中心特聘专家朱定真说。 事实上，气象部门发布的温度是百叶箱中温度计所测量的温度。百叶箱须设在草坪上，离地面1.5米， 周围较开阔，无高大建筑、树木等阻挡风或遮挡阳光。这是世界气象组织的规范标准，全球用同样的标 准化尺度去测量气温，才能进行对比。 在同一座城市内，百叶箱和水泥路、柏油路上的温度不一样。在阳光强烈的情况下，水泥路、柏油路 1.5米高度上的温度，比百叶箱里测得的温度可能会高4℃至5℃。这也就有高温天气下，有人测出路面 温度高达50℃，但预报数值偏低的"温差"了。 那为什么预报的气温和大家的感觉也差不少呢？ "因为气象的观测环境和个人在室外的环境是不一样的。气温是近地层大气环境的温度，而大家感受到 的是体感温度，其受到气压 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the ongoing high-temperature weather across various regions in China, with predictions of temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius in several areas, and some regions reaching up to 39 to 42 degrees Celsius [1][3] - The Central Meteorological Administration issued an orange alert for high temperatures on July 14, indicating the severity of the heatwave [1] - The article highlights the differences between forecasted temperatures and actual perceived temperatures due to environmental factors, such as urban heat islands and humidity levels [2][3] Group 2 - The article explains that the subtropical high pressure has moved northward earlier this year, contributing to the prolonged high-temperature conditions and increased humidity in central and eastern China [3] - A national-level health risk warning related to high temperatures has been issued, categorizing risks into five levels, allowing the public to take appropriate measures to mitigate health impacts [3]

Group 1 - The article discusses the upcoming high-temperature weather forecast in various regions of China, with temperatures reaching 39℃ to 41℃ in some areas, and high humidity contributing to discomfort [1] - Meteorologists emphasize that temperature readings are based on standardized measurements taken in a specific environment, which may differ from personal experiences in urban settings [1] - The discrepancy between forecasted temperatures and public perception is attributed to factors such as humidity, individual differences, and environmental conditions [2] Group 2 - Future weather forecasts may increasingly focus on "feels-like" temperatures rather than just actual temperatures, providing more relevant information to the public [2] - A national-level heat health risk warning system has been established, categorizing risks into five levels and offering public health recommendations to mitigate the effects of high temperatures [2]

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing high-temperature weather poses health risks, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, children, and individuals with chronic illnesses [1][4]. Group 1: Health Risks and Recommendations - The National Disease Control Bureau and the China Meteorological Administration have issued health risk warnings and recommendations during high-temperature alerts, advising the general public to stay indoors and reduce outdoor activities during yellow alerts, while vulnerable groups should avoid going outside during orange alerts [4]. - During red alerts, outdoor workers are advised to manage their work schedules wisely and use heat prevention supplies, seeking medical attention if they experience severe discomfort [4]. Group 2: Outdoor Activity Precautions - Before outdoor activities, individuals should take sun protection and cooling measures, such as using umbrellas, wearing hats, and avoiding clothing that hinders heat dissipation [6]. - It is recommended to hydrate with small amounts of saltwater or sports drinks to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, especially during intense exercise, with a suggested intake of 250 to 500 milliliters of warm water per hour [6]. Group 3: Travel and Personal Protection - Prior to traveling, individuals should monitor weather changes at their destination and prepare necessary personal protective items and medications, including checking if vaccinations are needed for international travel [8]. - During travel, it is crucial to prevent foodborne illnesses by practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding raw foods, and drinking safe water [8]. Group 4: Understanding Temperature and Humidity - The concept of "feels-like" temperature, which can be significantly higher than the actual air temperature due to humidity, is emphasized, with conditions where the perceived temperature can exceed the actual temperature by 1-7 degrees Celsius [10]. - In high humidity conditions, even temperatures below 30°C can feel excessively hot, leading to discomfort and health risks [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the ongoing extreme heat conditions in China's central and eastern regions, with temperatures expected to exceed 35°C and potentially reach historical highs in some areas. The heat wave is anticipated to persist, affecting various provinces and increasing health risks for vulnerable populations. Group 1: Weather Conditions - The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts sustained high temperatures above 35°C in regions such as southern North China, Huanghuai, Jianghan, and the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi, with some areas possibly exceeding 40°C [1][3] - This year, the intensity of high temperatures in provinces like Anhui and Henan is notably severe, with 30% of towns in Henan experiencing temperatures above 40°C [4] - National average high-temperature days have increased significantly, with the current average nearing 6 days, more than double the historical average for this time of year [6] Group 2: Energy Supply and Demand - As temperatures rise, electricity demand has surged, prompting the Zahahe Nur open-pit coal mine in Northeast China to operate at full capacity to ensure stable coal supply for power generation [9] - The mine's production efficiency has reached 1,885 tons per hour, with daily coal shipments to Northeast power plants totaling approximately 45,000 tons [9] Group 3: Health Risks and Precautions - The National Disease Control Bureau has issued health risk warnings related to high temperatures, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses [10] - Recommendations include maintaining indoor coolness, reducing outdoor activities during high-risk alerts, and ensuring outdoor workers manage their exposure to heat effectively [10]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing extreme heat wave affecting China, highlighting discrepancies between reported temperatures and perceived temperatures by individuals, leading to public confusion about weather forecasting accuracy [1][4]. Group 1: Temperature Measurement - The temperature reported by meteorological departments is measured in shaded areas, typically 1.5 meters above ground, and does not account for factors affecting human perception [8][9]. - Different regions within the same city can experience varying temperatures, as meteorological stations select representative sites for reporting [8]. Group 2: Perceived Temperature Factors - Perceived temperature, or "feels-like" temperature, is influenced by humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and individual differences [11][14]. - High humidity can make the perceived temperature significantly higher than the actual temperature, especially during hot weather [17]. Group 3: Heat Advisory and Safety Tips - The article provides guidelines for coping with high temperatures, emphasizing the importance of avoiding prolonged exposure to heat, staying hydrated, and managing temperature transitions effectively [20].