Group 1 - The article discusses the distinction between influenza (flu) and the common cold, emphasizing that flu symptoms appear suddenly and are more severe, including high fever, body aches, and fatigue, while cold symptoms develop gradually and are milder [1][3] - It highlights the importance of vaccination for children over 6 months old without contraindications, especially in crowded environments like schools and kindergartens, where the risk of flu transmission is higher [2][4] Group 2 - The article advises that antiviral treatment should be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset to effectively shorten the illness duration and reduce the risk of severe complications [5][7] - It emphasizes the need for proper medication adherence, recommending that parents complete the full course of antiviral medication, such as Oseltamivir, for at least five days [11] - Common misconceptions about flu treatment are addressed, including the ineffectiveness of antibiotics against viral infections and the dangers of alternating or increasing doses of antipyretics [12][13][14]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increased susceptibility of children aged 5-14 to influenza, indicating a higher positive detection rate compared to other age groups, and emphasizes the need for awareness and timely treatment for high-risk populations, particularly young children and those with underlying health conditions [3][4]. Group 1: Influenza Impact on Children - Children are identified as a high-risk group for influenza, with an annual infection rate of approximately 20%-30%, which can reach up to 50% during peak seasons [3]. - Specific high-risk children include those under 5 years old, especially those under 2, premature infants, and those with underlying health issues such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases [3][4]. - The article notes that children often experience longer viral shedding periods, contributing to their role as significant transmitters of the virus within communities [4]. Group 2: Complications and Economic Burden - Common complications from influenza in children include pneumonia, neurological issues (e.g., encephalitis), and musculoskeletal damage, with a high mortality rate associated with severe neurological complications [4]. - The economic burden of influenza is significant, leading to school absenteeism and parental work absence due to caregiving responsibilities [4]. Group 3: Treatment Recommendations - The article references the 2025 Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines, which emphasize the importance of early detection and antiviral treatment for high-risk groups, including children under 5 and the elderly [5]. - Antiviral medications currently used in pediatric care include Oseltamivir, Baloxavir, and Peramivir, with specific recommendations based on age and weight [5].

Core Insights - The prevalence of influenza among children aged 5 to 14 is significantly higher compared to other age groups, with an annual infection rate of approximately 20% to 30%, and in peak seasons, it can reach up to 50% [1][2] Group 1: Influenza Impact on Children - Children are identified as a high-risk group for influenza, with a higher likelihood of developing severe cases due to their immature immune systems [1][2] - Specific high-risk children include those under 5 years old, especially those under 2, premature infants, and those with underlying health conditions such as neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, and immunodeficiencies [1][2] Group 2: Complications and Transmission - Common complications from influenza in children include pneumonia, neurological issues (e.g., encephalitis), and musculoskeletal damage, with a high mortality rate for severe neurological complications [2] - Children can shed the virus for longer periods, with infants potentially shedding for 1 to 3 weeks, making them significant sources of transmission in families and communities [2] Group 3: Treatment and Guidelines - The National Health Commission's guidelines emphasize the need for timely detection and antiviral treatment for high-risk groups, including children under 5 and the elderly [3] - Antiviral medications used in pediatric care include Oseltamivir, Baloxavir, and Peramivir, with specific recommendations based on age and weight [3]