Group 1: Core Economic Competition - The ongoing economic tug-of-war between China and the U.S. is fundamentally about global dominance, particularly in trade, technology, and finance [1] - The U.S. aims to reduce reliance on China by relocating supply chains, which is framed as "de-risking," but is essentially about maintaining control over global industry [3] - Despite pressures, both countries are unlikely to fully decouple; trade volumes are expected to continue rising in 2024, indicating interdependence [3] Group 2: Technological Rivalry - The U.S. has intensified efforts to restrict China's high-tech industries, particularly in semiconductors and AI, through various legislative measures [5] - China is significantly increasing its R&D spending, projected to reach 3.61 trillion yuan in 2024, with a focus on overcoming key technological challenges [5][8] - Both nations recognize that technology is a critical battleground for future dominance, making it unlikely for either side to concede easily [5] Group 3: Financial Dynamics - The U.S. is using interest rate hikes and balance sheet reductions to maintain the dollar's dominance and attract global capital, while also exerting financial pressure on other nations [5] - China is gradually promoting the internationalization of the yuan and maintaining a stable monetary policy to mitigate financial risks and external shocks [5] - Both countries are strategically maneuvering to increase their shares in the global financial system, as finance is essential for modern economies [5] Group 4: Evolving Trade Relations - The previous economic relationship, once a stabilizing force, has transformed into a battleground with increasing friction, yet both countries remain interdependent [7] - The U.S. attempts to use tariffs and supply chain shifts to pressure China, but alternatives like Vietnam and India lack the capacity to fully replace China [7] - China is focusing on internal improvements, such as expanding domestic demand and reforming income distribution to drive economic growth [7] Group 5: Future Outlook - The competition between the two nations is expected to be a long-term struggle, with both sides seeking a balance rather than a definitive victory [9][11] - Ongoing dialogues and negotiations indicate a pragmatic approach, as neither side wants to push the other to a breaking point [11] - The competition reflects structural tensions between a dominant power and an emerging one, with internal governance and strategic stability being crucial for long-term success [11]