Summary of the Conference Call on Humanoid Robot Industry Chain: Evolution of Joint Technology Industry Overview - The humanoid robot industry is experiencing significant advancements, particularly with Tesla's Optimus project aiming for mass production of over 5,000 units by 2025, with a potential commercial turning point in 2026 as products expand from B-end (factory scenarios) to C-end (home services, medical care) [1][6] - Domestic companies such as Zhenxing, Shuanglin, and Zhejiang Rongtai are in contact with Tesla for supply opportunities, while international firms like Figure 03 have demonstrated practical applications in industrial settings [1] Core Technical Indicators of Joint Modules - Torque Density: Output torque per unit mass, influenced by motor magnetic field optimization, reducer efficiency, and thermal management [2] - Response Speed: Time from command to action, requiring a response time of ≤0.5 seconds [2] - Energy Efficiency Ratio: Directly impacts endurance, with efficient motors and reducers enhancing continuous operation capabilities [2] - Precision: Includes absolute and repeat precision (error ≤0.1mm), reliant on high-precision motors and low-backlash reducers [2] Technical Solutions and Process Challenges - High Reduction Ratio Solutions: High-speed motors combined with harmonic reducers, compact but costly [3] - Low Reduction Ratio Solutions: High-torque motors with planetary reducers, cost-effective but larger in size [3] - Linear Joints: Require high precision in processing, with domestic companies innovating to reduce processing time significantly [3] Domestic Company Developments - Processing Techniques: Some companies are adopting integrated turning and grinding machines to enhance efficiency [4] - Material Bottlenecks: The stability of alloy steel heat treatment processes is a concern, with carbon fiber ceramic composites being a potential alternative [4] - Bearing Support: Companies like Longxi and Changsheng Bearings are competitive in niche markets, with significant growth potential [4] Q&A Highlights - The impact of Tesla's Optimus mass production on the supply chain could lead to a surge in demand for core components like joint modules and reducers, with domestic companies needing to overcome technical and production capacity challenges [5][6] - Core technological barriers for joint modules include the need for integrated optimization of motors, reducers, and sensors, with domestic firms lagging in control algorithms [7] - Domestic companies are innovating through process improvements and equipment replacements to enhance production efficiency and reduce reliance on imports [8] Future Outlook - Technological Evolution Directions: Magnetic gear transmission and lightweight materials are expected to advance, with prototypes anticipated by 2027 [10] - Pathways for Domestic Substitution: Short-term focus on planetary reducers and ball screw mass production, with long-term goals to develop integrated modules to compete with international giants [12] Recommended Key Players - Joint Modules: Heng Hydraulic, Zhenxing Technology, Shuanglin Co. [13] - Core Components: Greenland Harmonic, Shuanghuan Transmission, Changsheng Bearings [13] - Equipment and Materials: Huachen Equipment, Zhongdali De, Tiangong International [13]