围绕论坛投资主题，普京提出以下促进对俄投资的新举措：第一，进一步提升投资活力，加大对生产与 服务领域的投入，在工业、农业、基础设施等行业启动新项目。普京特别指出，近年来俄罗斯金融体系 成功实现了结构性调整，以内部融资替代了不可靠的外部来源，使实体经济部门的外债规模减少近半。 他表示，必须增强银行业对国内经济及各地区发展的支持力度，提高信贷资源在实际生产中的运用效率 与回报。与此同时，必须确保银行资金、利润以及公民与企业的储蓄不仅流向大都市与商业中心，也应 覆盖俄罗斯联邦所有区域。为此，各联邦主体已实施区域投资标准，并在地方层面设立发展机构，为投 资者提供土地审批、支持机制申请及基础设施配套等一站式服务。对于跨区域或规模较大的项目以及外 国投资，应从联邦层面更为有效地统筹和支持项目落地。 第二，增强股票市场作为投资资金来源的作用。截至今年年中，莫斯科证券交易所注册个人客户已超 3700万，约占全国经济活动人口的一半，其总资产规模超过11万亿卢布。就此，普京建议：其一，在债 务与基金份额投资增长的同时，应重视股权资本对长期发展的重要性。建议政府近期制定国有参股公司 首次及二次股票发行计划，并责成相关部门拟定推动大 ...

Financing Methods for SMEs - Internal management financing is a method where organizations raise funds internally through loans to employees, utilizing retained earnings as the primary source, which is cost-effective and minimizes risk [3] - Accounts receivable financing allows companies to transfer their receivables to banks for loans, typically receiving 50% to 90% of the receivable's face value [4] - Accounts payable financing is a common method where businesses can delay payment to suppliers, allowing for easier access to funds without incurring financing costs [5][6] - Advance payment financing involves receiving partial or full payment before delivering goods, requiring strong operational performance and credibility from the purchasing company [7] - Corporate credit financing provides businesses with a credit limit from banks based on their creditworthiness, allowing for flexible borrowing within a specified period [8] - Credit guarantee loans are supported by credit guarantee institutions, which help SMEs secure loans from banks by providing guarantees [9] - Corporate bond financing involves issuing bonds to raise funds directly from the market, with higher interest rates for SMEs compared to larger corporations [10] - Convertible bond financing allows companies to issue bonds that can be converted into equity, providing flexibility and lower interest rates [11] - Securities-backed loans enable clients to use their securities as collateral for loans, balancing asset returns and liquidity [12] - Inventory pledge financing allows SMEs to use their inventory as collateral for loans, which is a common practice in developed countries [13] - Venture capital financing targets high-risk, high-potential return investments, particularly in technology-intensive sectors [14]