本报记者 于宏 今年以来，券商自营业务实现良好收益，前三季度，42家A股上市券商（未包含国盛证券，下同）实现 自营业务净收入1868.57亿元，同比增长43.83%。 多位券商分析师表示，今年以来，经纪及自营业务的增长驱动券商业绩修复，泛自营业务能力将成为券 商业绩分化的关键影响因素。 聚焦行业"第一梯队"的表现来看，中信证券保持领跑，前三季度自营业务净收入为316.03亿元，同比增 长45.88%；其次是国泰海通，自营业务净收入为203.7亿元，同比增长90.11%；中国银河、申万宏源、 中金公司、华泰证券也保持稳健的表现，自营业务净收入分别为120.81亿元、119.33亿元、109.66亿 元、102.23亿元。 在自营业务保持可观增速、对总营收贡献度不断提高的背景下，券商纷纷加码自营业务布局。一方面， 行业自营业务规模不断扩张，最新数据显示，截至三季度末，上市券商自营证券规模（母公司口径）合 计达5.48万亿元，较去年年末增长了11.4%；另一方面，券商持续优化资产配置策略，以提升整体收 益。 业务表现分化显著 在自营业务的战略布局方面，多家券商披露了自身的独特"打法"。例如，东北证券自营业务致力于构 ...

Investment Rating - The report assigns an "Overweight" rating to the investment banking and brokerage industry [3]. Core Insights - The high growth observed in the first half of the year is primarily attributed to base effects, with an annualized return of 3.9%, which is the highest in three years but still below the average of 4.8% from 2019 to 2021. The industry is undergoing a transformation, with leading brokers moving towards global allocation and smaller brokers seeking changes in asset allocation strategies [2][3]. Summary by Sections Revenue & Yield - In the first half of 2025, listed brokers reported a net income from proprietary trading of 76.3 billion yuan (after interest expenses), accounting for 30.9% of total revenue, marking a historical high. This represents an 80% year-on-year growth, with an incremental income of 33.9 billion yuan, mainly driven by the recovery in equity trading and proprietary business [3][4]. - The profit margin for the first half of 2025 shows an annualized yield of 3.9%, continuing a recovery trend over three years (2.4%, 3.2%, 3.6% in 2022-2024), but still below the 4.8% average from 2019-2021 [3][4]. Investment Scale - The total investment scale of listed brokers reached 6.8 trillion yuan by the end of the period, with a net increase of 320.6 billion yuan since the beginning of the year, excluding the effects of mergers. The increase in investments includes a rise of 348.3 billion yuan in FVTPL assets and 102.4 billion yuan in OCI equities, while AC and OCI debts decreased by 92.9 billion yuan [3][4]. - The structure of investments shows that 64% are in fixed income, 13% in equities, and 20% in products, with significant increases in cross-border fixed income and high-dividend OCI investments [3][4]. Business Model Changes - The proprietary trading model is evolving, with leading brokers expanding globally and smaller brokers adapting their asset allocation strategies. There is a notable shift towards cross-border investments and the establishment of mixed investment departments, particularly among smaller brokers [3][4]. - The report emphasizes that proprietary trading remains a pillar of the industry, necessitating transformation in the new era. It recommends prioritizing investments in brokers with significant comprehensive advantages, such as CITIC Securities and Huatai Securities, while also suggesting attention to firms with strong equity trading flexibility, like Industrial Securities and Changjiang Securities [3][4].

Core Viewpoint - The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has mandated securities firms to report on their off-exchange securities business for 2024, emphasizing compliance, risk management, and innovative profit models [1][2]. Group 1: Off-Exchange Business Reporting Requirements - Securities firms are required to provide detailed reports on six categories of off-exchange business, including financial derivatives trading, income certificate issuance, cross-border business, and more [1]. - Firms must disclose their business models, risk management measures, and actual profitability related to off-exchange derivatives trading [1][2]. - Specific attention is given to compliance management, including reporting major events such as defaults and significant business risks [1][2]. Group 2: Industry Trends and Developments - The off-exchange business has become a crucial driver for the high-quality transformation of securities firms, optimizing income structure and enhancing risk management [2][3]. - The securities industry achieved a revenue of 451.17 billion yuan in 2024, with a year-on-year growth of 11.2%, and proprietary business income grew by 43% [1][2]. - The shift towards customer-demand-driven business models has allowed firms to mitigate the impact of market volatility on overall profitability [3]. Group 3: Regulatory Focus and Market Impact - The CSRC's requirements reflect a regulatory focus on promoting standardization, preventing risks, and enhancing practical effectiveness in the industry [2]. - Off-exchange derivatives trading provides a differentiated business model that supports investor services and fulfills functional missions [3][4]. - The integration of off-exchange derivatives into the business ecosystem enhances the intermediary role of securities firms, aligning with their market development goals [4].