Group 1 - The article discusses the pressures of modern work life, highlighting the prevalence of long hours and the 996 work culture as a norm for many individuals [1][2] - It questions the rationale behind the established rules of modern work and whether individuals have the capacity to change their circumstances [2][3] - The works of Marx and Weber are referenced as essential for understanding the dynamics of capitalism and modern society, providing insights into the relationship between individuals and their work [2][4] Group 2 - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the bureaucratic system, noting that modern bureaucracies allow for voluntary participation and exit, contrasting with traditional systems [6][7] - It outlines the qualifications required to enter bureaucratic roles, emphasizing the need for clear roles and responsibilities within the hierarchy [8][9] - The hierarchical nature of bureaucracies is discussed, highlighting the lack of autonomy for individuals in lower positions and the necessity of adhering to established roles [9][10] Group 3 - The article explains the concept of time as a critical factor in economic behavior, asserting that individuals cannot freely determine their working hours due to the nature of labor markets [20][21] - It describes the transformation of individuals into laborers and the implications of this shift, particularly the loss of control over their working time and conditions [22][23] - The article further elaborates on the division of time for laborers, emphasizing the constraints imposed by the need to sell labor while maintaining personal survival [24][25] Group 4 - The article critiques the notion of market transactions as inherently fair, arguing that the capitalist structure creates a false consciousness among laborers regarding their interests [26][27] - It highlights the role of the superstructure in shaping laborers' perceptions and the potential for a misalignment of interests between laborers and capitalists [27][28] - The article concludes by suggesting that understanding Marx's theories can provide a different perspective on fairness in human behavior and labor relations [29][30]

【环球时报驻法国特派记者 尚凯元】连日来，法国面包店和花店能否在5月1日劳动节当天营业的问 题，引发了政界、行业界和社会舆论的激烈讨论。据《欧洲时报》28日报道，4月25日，两位中间派参 议员安妮克和埃尔韦提交了一项法案提案，支持面包店和花店在劳动节当天自由营业。法国现行《劳动 法》明确规定，5月1日是唯一且必须休息的法定假日。除医院、警察等"因业务性质无法中断"的行业 外，其他行业即便员工自愿且能获得双倍工资，也不得雇用员工上岗，否则将面临罚款。不过，老板可 亲自营业。 然而，时至今日，法国总工会（CGT）仍坚决反对任何形式的松动。CGT负责人索菲强调："我们是用 工人的鲜血争取到了5月1日作为法定节假日的。一年只有一天，我们完全可以想办法在其他时间买到面 包。"法国《解放报》也称，修法可能会打开"潘多拉魔盒"，引发更多行业要求营业。据报道，两位提 出修法的参议员希望能在6月底前将法案列入议程。但即便顺利推进，也无法赶在2025年5月1日前生 效。因此，今年劳动节期间，多数面包店仍将保持关闭。 2024年5月1日当天，法国旺代省5家面包店因雇用员工营业被罚款。该事件激起面包行业强烈反弹，全 国面包与糕点行业 ...