人民网北京12月19日电 （记者乔业琼）很多人认为"只有小孩才会感染呼吸道合胞病毒，而且感染 一次就能终身免疫"，这种说法对吗？在国家卫生健康委今日召开的新闻发布会上，江苏省疾病预防控 制中心主任医师霍翔进行了解答。 "呼吸道合胞病毒是我国儿童尤其是婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染的主要病原体。"霍翔说，早期症状通常 与普通感冒是类似的，包括上呼吸道症状，咳嗽、咽痛、鼻涕、发热等等，部分患儿可能会出现呕吐、 腹泻等胃肠道症状。随着病情的进展，病毒可能侵犯下呼吸道，引起支气管炎、肺炎等严重的临床症 状，极少数的情况下还会导致呼吸道合胞病毒相关的脑病。当患儿出现持续高烧不退、喘息、呼吸困 难、精神萎靡或者烦燥、喂养困难的时候一定要及时就医。 霍翔提示，健康成人感染呼吸道合胞病毒通常表现为轻微的上呼吸道症状，但是在感染以后，要注 意呼吸道卫生和手卫生，避免把感染传播给其他人。老年人和患有慢性肺病、心血管疾病、免疫缺陷等 基础疾病的成人感染呼吸道合胞病毒以后，可能会导致支气管炎、肺炎等严重的下呼吸道感染，甚至会 引起心肺功能的恶化，需要特别注意。 霍翔说，人群对呼吸道合胞病毒是普遍易感的，但是这当中婴幼儿、老年人还有有慢性基础疾 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the onset of the respiratory infectious disease season in China, emphasizing the increased risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among infants and young children, particularly in the context of rising cases of various acute respiratory infections [1] Group 1: Disease Trends - The overall trend of acute respiratory infections, including influenza, RSV, and rhinovirus infections, is on the rise in China [1] - RSV is noted to be endemic in southern regions year-round, while northern regions experience a more distinct seasonal peak from October to April [1] Group 2: Vulnerable Populations - Children under the age of 5 are at a higher risk of infection, with the highest risk observed in infants under 1 year old [1] - Mixed infections with other viruses can lead to severe cases, necessitating enhanced prevention and control measures [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rising trend of acute respiratory infectious diseases in China, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus infections, indicating the onset of the respiratory infectious disease epidemic season. Experts recommend timely vaccination against influenza and other related viruses [1]. Group 1: Current Situation - The overall influenza activity in China is at a moderate epidemic level, currently in an upward phase, with southern provinces experiencing higher activity than northern ones [1]. - The H3N2 subtype of the influenza virus accounts for over 95% of the cases, with a small number of H1N1 and B-type influenza viruses circulating concurrently [1]. Group 2: Pathogens and Vaccination - The main pathogens causing acute respiratory infections at this stage are known common pathogens, with no new or unknown pathogens detected [1]. - Due to the variability of the influenza virus, the components of the influenza vaccine are adjusted and updated annually, and immunity has a time-limited effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to get vaccinated before the peak of the local influenza season [1]. - Vaccination is beneficial and recommended at any time during the influenza season, even if it is not done before the peak [1].

Core Insights - The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is currently experiencing a rise in infection rates, particularly in southern provinces of China, with a notable increase in positive detection rates among children [2][3] - RSV is a common respiratory virus that primarily spreads through droplets and close contact, with symptoms initially resembling those of a common cold [2][3] - The current outbreak is attributed to multiple factors, including a lack of prior exposure among young children and the return to school, which facilitates virus transmission in enclosed spaces [3] Summary by Sections RSV Infection and Symptoms - RSV is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children under five, especially in infants under one year old [2] - Initial symptoms include runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, and fever, but severe cases may lead to respiratory distress and require hospitalization [2] Comparison with Other Respiratory Infections - RSV symptoms can be confused with those of influenza and mycoplasma pneumonia, but influenza typically presents with sudden onset, high fever, and muscle aches [5] - Mycoplasma pneumonia is more common in school-aged children, characterized by fever and a dry cough that progresses to productive cough [5] - Adenovirus infections usually present with milder symptoms such as fever and sore throat [5] Prevention and Vaccination - Vaccination is highlighted as a cost-effective measure to reduce severe cases, hospitalizations, and mortality, particularly for vulnerable populations like children and the elderly [8] - There has been a noticeable increase in demand for vaccines against respiratory infections since September, with initiatives to expand access to RSV monoclonal antibody injections [10] - Various regions are implementing measures to enhance pediatric healthcare access, including extended hours for pediatric services and family-based vaccination strategies [10] Daily Protective Measures - Experts recommend regular ventilation of indoor spaces, especially during winter, and encouraging good hygiene practices among family members [10] - Parents are advised to maintain a balanced diet, ensure adequate sleep, and promote physical activity to enhance children's immunity [10]

Weather Update - The weather today is mostly sunny with some clouds, with a high temperature of 21℃ and a low of 10℃ at night [1] - The next two days will remain primarily sunny, making it suitable for outdoor activities [1] Transportation Notice - The subway lines 1 and 8 will operate in segments due to construction from October 18, 2025, to October 19, 2025, affecting three stations [1] Health Advisory - Ginkgo fruits, also known as white fruits, are dropping in parks and along roads, but they contain toxic substances and should not be consumed without proper processing [4] Insurance Regulation - The National Healthcare Security Administration has proposed a new regulation for basic medical insurance registration, stating that the processing time should not exceed five working days [6] Infrastructure Development - A new commercial and entertainment complex in Beijing, with an investment exceeding 10 billion yuan and a development area of approximately 500,000 square meters, is set to open soon [11] Cultural Heritage - The Palace Museum has updated its digital collection, adding 50,000 high-definition images of artifacts, bringing the total to over 150,000 [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections as the autumn and winter seasons approach, particularly affecting infants and the elderly, necessitating heightened preventive measures [1][2][6]. Group 1: RSV Infection Trends - The peak period for RSV infections in northern regions occurs from October to February, with a noticeable rise in cases in parts of North China [1]. - RSV is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects infants and can lead to severe lower respiratory infections, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia [2][4]. Group 2: High-Risk Populations - Infants under one year old and elderly individuals aged 65 and above are identified as high-risk groups for severe RSV infections [6]. - Infants with underlying health conditions, such as premature birth or congenital heart disease, are particularly vulnerable to severe outcomes from RSV [4]. Group 3: Symptoms and Medical Attention - Parents should be vigilant for symptoms in infants during RSV season, including fever and wheezing, which may indicate bronchiolitis [7][11]. - Severe cases may present with high-pitched wheezing sounds, indicating airway spasms, and can lead to dehydration and pneumonia [11]. Group 4: Prevention Strategies - There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for RSV, making prevention crucial [12]. - Non-pharmaceutical preventive measures include covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, proper disposal of tissues, frequent handwashing, and avoiding crowded places during RSV season [14][15]. - It is advised that caregivers, especially those with mild symptoms, wear masks when caring for infants to reduce transmission risk [17].