Core Viewpoint - Nighttime cough is a common symptom that can be exacerbated by various factors, including body position, physiological changes, environmental conditions, and underlying diseases [3][4][5][6][7]. Group 1: Causes of Nighttime Cough - Body position can lead to airway collapse and accumulation of secretions, making it harder to cough effectively [3]. - Physiological changes at night, such as increased vagus nerve activity and decreased cortisol levels, can heighten cough sensitivity [3]. - Environmental factors like dry air and allergens in the bedroom can irritate the respiratory tract [3]. - Underlying diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia can manifest as nighttime cough [3]. Group 2: Specific Conditions Associated with Cough - Asthma patients may experience increased airway sensitivity at night, leading to cough and difficulty breathing [4]. - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause stomach acid to irritate the throat when lying down, resulting in cough [5]. - Upper airway cough syndrome, often due to conditions like rhinitis or sinusitis, can lead to post-nasal drip and cough [6]. - Cardiac-related cough is more common in older adults due to increased venous return when lying down [7]. Group 3: Remedies and Recommendations - Nasal irrigation can effectively alleviate cough caused by upper airway issues, particularly for those with chronic rhinitis or sinusitis [9]. - Wearing a mask while sleeping is not recommended due to discomfort and limited protective benefits [11]. - Home remedies like honey water and steamed oranges may provide temporary relief but should not replace medical treatment [12]. - Using cough suppressants without understanding the underlying cause can be counterproductive and delay proper treatment [13]. Group 4: Practical Tips for Relief - Adjusting body position to a semi-reclined posture can help alleviate cough, especially for those with nasal or reflux issues [13][14]. - Maintaining indoor humidity levels between 40%-60% can reduce respiratory irritation [16]. - Acupressure techniques on specific points may help relieve cough symptoms [17][19]. - Temporary measures like sipping warm water or using throat lozenges can soothe irritation [19].

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights that tolerance to ferroptosis enhances lipid metabolism and pathogenic type 2 immunity in allergic airway inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for asthma through the modulation of antioxidant systems [1][6]. Group 1: Key Findings - Pathogenic ILC2 in allergic airway inflammation relies on cysteine for metabolic adaptation and survival [3]. - Cysteine uptake promotes the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which works in conjunction with the upregulation of GPX4 and TXNRD1 to enhance resistance to ferroptosis by combating lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [3]. - The adaptive changes accelerate lipid acquisition and metabolism, promoting the expansion of ILC2 and Th2 cells [3]. Group 2: Implications - The study indicates that the antioxidant and ferroptosis resistance pathways enable lipid metabolism in ILC2 and Th2 cells [4]. - GPX4 and TXNRD1 are crucial in promoting pathogenic type 2 immune responses [4]. - The redox balance system represents a targetable metabolic vulnerability in airway inflammation [4].

Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing prevalence of asthma globally, with over 358 million patients and an expected rise to over 400 million this year, particularly affecting children in China, where over 45 million are affected, including 15 million children [1][2] Group 1: Asthma in Children - Asthma is a common chronic disease among children, often triggered by allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods, as well as environmental factors like cold air and vigorous exercise [3][4] - The condition is characterized by bronchial spasms leading to breathing difficulties, with a noted increase in cases due to allergies and viral respiratory infections [3][4] - While asthma cannot be cured, various treatment methods, including inhalation therapy and traditional Chinese medicine, can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life [3][4] Group 2: Asthma in Adults - Adult asthma can present atypically, with symptoms such as chronic cough and nighttime chest tightness, which may be mistaken for common colds [5][6] - Many adults may have experienced asthma symptoms in childhood, which can resurface in adulthood if not properly managed, potentially leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [6][7] - Older adults face higher asthma prevalence, often complicated by other chronic conditions, making treatment more challenging and increasing the risk of multi-organ damage [6][7]

Core Insights - The theme for World Asthma Day 2023 is "Ensuring Inhalation Therapy Benefits All Asthma Patients" [1] - Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease, with approximately 260 million patients globally and around 436,000 deaths annually [2] - In China, the asthma prevalence rate among individuals aged 20 and above is 4.2%, equating to about 45.7 million patients [2] Group 1: Understanding Inhalation Therapy - Inhalation therapy is central to asthma treatment, allowing medication to directly enter the airways with fewer systemic side effects [4] - The overall control rate of asthma in urban China is 28.58%, significantly lower than the 40%-50% control rates in developed countries [4] - Misunderstandings about inhalation medications, particularly corticosteroids, contribute to poor treatment adherence, with over 80% of patients stopping medication [2][4] Group 2: Pediatric Asthma - Approximately 7 million children in China suffer from asthma, which can lead to severe respiratory issues during acute episodes [7] - Asthma in children is often linked to allergies, with common triggers including mold, dust mites, and pet dander [9] - Children with a family history of asthma are at a higher risk, with a 2 to 5 times increased likelihood if one parent has asthma, and up to 50% if both parents are affected [9] Group 3: Exercise and Asthma Management - Exercise can be beneficial for asthma patients, improving lung function, but must be approached cautiously [12] - Children with asthma should only engage in physical activity if their condition is well-controlled and under medical guidance [12] - Avoiding allergens and extreme environmental conditions is crucial for asthma patients during exercise [12]