Core Viewpoint - Solid-state batteries are considered the ultimate solution for power batteries, but the term has become muddled with various interpretations and marketing tactics, leading to confusion in the industry [2][4][6]. Group 1: Definition and Standards - The China Society of Automotive Engineers released the "Full Solid-State Battery Determination Method," establishing a standard for solid-state batteries based on the weight loss of the electrolyte after vacuum baking [5]. - The definition helps clarify the concept but does not address the ambiguity surrounding semi-solid batteries, which remain a gray area without clear standards [8][12]. Group 2: Industry Developments - Recent discussions suggest that regulatory bodies are considering standardizing the term "semi-solid battery" to "solid-liquid battery," which would clearly differentiate it from traditional liquid and full solid-state batteries [14][16]. - Solid-liquid batteries have already been implemented in various applications, including electric vehicles and mobile devices, indicating their commercial viability [19][20][22]. Group 3: Technical Advantages - Solid-liquid batteries can address interface issues that hinder full solid-state batteries, as their electrolyte's fluidity helps fill gaps between the electrode and electrolyte, improving conductivity [27][31]. - The production cost of solid-liquid batteries is close to that of liquid batteries, with estimates showing they can be produced at 1.2 times the cost of liquid batteries, potentially decreasing to 10% or even 5% more in the future [45][48]. Group 4: Comparison with Liquid Batteries - Solid-liquid batteries offer significant safety advantages, reducing the risk of combustion by replacing flammable liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes [51]. - They also exhibit better low-temperature performance, maintaining 85-90% capacity at -20°C, compared to liquid batteries that can drop to 60-70% capacity [59][60]. Group 5: Challenges and Future Outlook - Despite their advantages, solid-liquid batteries face challenges in conductivity compared to liquid batteries, which can achieve higher charging speeds [64][66]. - The transition from liquid to solid-liquid batteries is seen as a crucial step towards the eventual adoption of full solid-state batteries, with expectations for small-scale applications by 2030 and broader adoption by 2035 [74][76][80].