岁月无声，历史有痕。八十载光阴流转，抗战的烽火岁月依然铭刻在中华民族的记忆深处。为纪念中国 人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，观察者网特别推出"抗战史上的今天"栏目，每日与您共 同回望那段波澜壮阔的历史长河。 1931年12月28日 日军由田庄台向辽河以西开始大规模军事行动，是晨，多门师团长下总攻击令，分三路直逼锦州。 张学良急电国民政府主席林森，谓日军进逼，锦州危急万分，"款弹两缺，敌如大举前进，即举东北士 兵尽数牺牲，亦难防守"，请火速拨发款弹，以济眉急。同日，国府复电："已分交参谋、军政两部核 办。" 国民党四届一中全会第四次会议决议：一、推举胡汉民、汪精卫、蒋介石、于右任、叶楚伧、顾孟馀、 居正、孙科、陈果夫九人为中央执行委员会常委，叶楚伧为秘书长；二、选任林森为国民政府主席，蒋 介石、汪精卫、胡汉民、唐绍仪、张静江、蔡元培、萧佛成、邓泽如、谢持、许崇智、王法勤、李烈 钧、邹鲁、邵元冲、陈果夫、叶楚伧、宋子文、王伯群、方振武、熊克武、阎锡山、冯玉祥、赵戴文、 王树翰、薛笃弼、刘尚清、柏文蔚、程潜、经亨颐、孔祥熙、恩克巴图、杨庶堪、马福祥33人为国民政 府委员。孙科为行政院院长、陈铭枢为副院长 ...

Group 1 - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting significant historical events from that period [1] Group 2 - On October 21, 1931, Ma Zhanshan officially took office as the acting governor of Heilongjiang Province, emphasizing the need to eliminate any threats to territorial integrity and public order [2] - The Guangdong Provincial Government lifted the ban on the entry of newspapers from various regions, indicating a shift towards greater media freedom [3] - The Nationalist Party's Central Political Committee decided to increase the appointment of Zhu Zhaoxin as a member of the Special Diplomatic Committee, reflecting ongoing political maneuvers [5] - The opening of the Han-Chongqing section of the Shanghai-Chongqing air route marks a significant development in transportation and logistics [6] - The Chinese Soviet Republic issued the second phase of revolutionary war bonds worth 1.2 million yuan to counter enemy attacks, showcasing financial strategies during wartime [8] Group 3 - On October 21, 1932, the Anti-Japanese Army led by He Minhun captured Fuxin, demonstrating military actions against Japanese forces [7] - The Nationalist Government appointed Liu Bangjun as the deputy commander of the 23rd Army, indicating military restructuring [13] - The establishment of the Chinese Art Education Society in Shanghai aims to promote art education and cultural heritage [16] Group 4 - On October 21, 1935, the Central Red Army captured several locations, indicating progress in military campaigns during the Long March [15] - The establishment of the Chinese Shorthand Society in Shanghai aims to promote shorthand education and practices [17] Group 5 - On October 21, 1937, the Chinese military began a counter-offensive against Japanese forces, indicating a strategic shift in military operations [23][24] - The Japanese military reported significant aircraft losses, highlighting the ongoing aerial conflict [27] Group 6 - On October 21, 1938, the Nationalist Government ordered a retreat from Guangzhou as Japanese forces advanced, marking a critical moment in the war [30] - The establishment of the Chinese Engineers Society's annual meeting emphasizes the importance of engineering in wartime efforts [52]