9月23日，中国国务院总理李强在第80届联合国大会期间宣布，中国在世贸组织当前和未来谈判中不寻 求新的特殊和差别待遇。这是中国对国际社会做出的郑重承诺，将给国际社会和多边贸易体制的未来发 展带来深远影响。 一、各国拥有选择发展中国家身份的主权 国家主权原则是国际法最基础和最重要的基本原则。国家享有管理内部事务的最高权力和处理外部事务 的独立权力。一国有权决定自己的发展方向和发展模式，有权确定自己的发展阶段，有权确定自己的身 份定位。例如，一国有权宣布自己是发展中国家或者发达国家。目前，国际上没有统一的发展中国家认 定标准，实际上未来也难以出现统一的认定标准。 在世贸组织框架下，各个成员自我宣称是发展中成员并据此享有特殊和差别待遇。世贸组织以及联合国 开发计划署、联合国贸易与发展会议等联合国机构都没有定义"发展中国家"。世界银行、国际货币基金 组织等国际机构出于开展业务、分析研究等目的，采用统计分类标准。例如，世界银行将各国划分为低 收入国家、中等偏下收入国家、中等偏上收入国家和高收入国家，但这些标准从未用于划分发达国家与 发展中国家。国际组织关于国家的特定分类标准，不影响一国自己宣布的发展中国家身份定位。此外 ...

巴西总统卢拉：一个国家干涉另一个国家的司法系统是不可接受的。这违反了国家之间基本的尊重和主 权原则。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is the announcement by China to implement a 100% zero-tariff policy on products from 53 African countries, marking a significant step in China-Africa cooperation [2][4] - This policy aims to enhance trade growth between China and Africa, with China being Africa's largest trading partner for 16 consecutive years, and projected investments exceeding $13.3 billion in 2024 [2][4] - The zero-tariff policy is expected to lower barriers for African goods entering the Chinese market, thereby boosting exports from Africa and supporting industrial upgrades [2][4] Group 2 - Eswatini is the only country excluded from the zero-tariff list due to its long-standing diplomatic relations with Taiwan, which contradicts China's principle of national sovereignty [4][6] - The exclusion of Eswatini highlights China's firm stance on the one-China principle, emphasizing that any country maintaining ties with Taiwan undermines international consensus [6][8] - In contrast to China's proactive engagement, the U.S. has not reduced tariffs on African goods and has initiated a global trade war, which hampers African exports [6][8] Group 3 - The zero-tariff policy is not only an economic support measure for African nations but also a push for fair international trade practices [8] - As China deepens its cooperation with Africa, more countries are expected to benefit from access to the Chinese market, while U.S. influence in Africa may diminish [8] - The ongoing initiatives like the China-Africa Cooperation Forum and the Belt and Road Initiative are set to provide further development opportunities for African nations and promote a more equitable global trade system [8]