Core Viewpoint - Lebanon is facing its most severe challenges since the civil war, with ongoing economic crises and the aftermath of prolonged conflicts, despite a ceasefire agreement reached in November 2024 [1][12]. Economic Conditions - The waste recycling economy is emerging in war-torn areas, with individuals scavenging for valuable materials to earn money [3]. - Food prices have skyrocketed by 65 times since 2018 due to a lack of price control and exploitation by merchants [3]. - The Lebanese pound has depreciated significantly, with the exchange rate reaching 89,000 LBP to 1 USD, drastically altering consumer purchasing habits [5]. Humanitarian Efforts - Humanitarian organizations are increasing efforts to provide essential supplies to returnees, but demand far exceeds supply [3]. - A significant portion of the population is still displaced, with only about 15% of residents in southern border villages returning home after the conflict [5]. Historical Context - Beirut was once known as the "Paris of the Middle East," thriving economically and politically until the civil war began in 1975, which caused extensive damage and loss [9][11]. - The civil war resulted in approximately 150,000 deaths and economic losses estimated at 1 trillion USD [11]. Political Landscape - Lebanon's governance is characterized by a sectarian power-sharing system, which complicates decision-making and hinders significant reforms [16][18]. - The political system has led to a concentration of power among a few families, making it difficult to implement necessary economic changes [16][18]. Future Outlook - Experts suggest that Lebanon needs to shift its economic focus from banking and real estate to sustainable agriculture, clean energy, and digital economy [18]. - Comprehensive economic reforms, including restructuring the banking system and attracting foreign investment, are essential for recovery [18].