在平均海拔超过4000米的青藏高原雅鲁藏布江河谷，如何让树木"活下来、长得好、能繁衍"？ 我国科研人员经过多年实地研究给出新答案：除了选择适宜的树种，还要关注树的"性别比"，同时 悉心培育土壤中的微生物，打造树木根系的多元"朋友圈"。 四川大学生命科学学院张胜教授团队经过多年实地研究发现，在高寒干旱的逆境下，雌性柳树和雄 性杨树表现出更强的适应性，这恰恰打破了城市绿化为了规避春季飞絮优先选择雄株的惯例。 杨树和柳树都是"雌雄异株"植物，就像动物分雌雄一样，每棵树都有明确的性别。雌性柳树在干旱 和低温下能保持更高的水分和生长速率，根系更为发达。雄性杨树则善于积累抗氧化物质，构建更强的 防御体系。 "如果只图管理方便而单一种植雄树，将切断森林通过种子自然更新的能力。"张胜说，科学的植 物"性别比"能形成抗逆性的"互补"，提升人工林的整体韧性。 土壤微生物：构建更稳定的地下"社交网络" 森林的健康不仅取决于地上的树木，更与土壤微生物息息相关，它们好比"隐形工程师"，可以为植 物根系提供更稳定的地下"社交网络"。 研究发现，采用不同树种进行"混交"种植，能极大地促进地下微生物的多样性与活性。例如，深根 系的杨树能将深 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent study from Northwest A&F University highlights that long-term climate warming significantly reduces global soil microbial richness, emphasizing the urgent need for strategies to protect soil microbial communities to mitigate climate change risks [4][8]. Summary by Sections Research Findings - The study analyzed 2,786 observational data points globally, revealing that soil microbial diversity and abundance consistently decline with increasing climate warming and average annual temperature [7]. - Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, long-term warming (≥5 years) is expected to reduce global soil microbial abundance by 7%-9%, indicating that even moderate long-term warming can adversely affect soil microbial diversity and functionality [7][12]. Importance of Healthy Soil - Healthy soil is crucial for food production and climate stability, with soil microbes driving key processes such as nutrient cycling and carbon storage [5][6]. - The research underscores that understanding and protecting soil microbes is vital not only for scientific inquiry but also for food security, sustainable land use, and overall planetary health [6][8]. Implications of Climate Change - The findings suggest that climate change may erode the biological foundation of soil, threatening essential ecosystem services that humanity relies on [8]. - The negative impact of climate warming on soil microbial abundance is more pronounced in warmer regions, with specific changes in microbial community composition, such as a reduction in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and an increase in nitrite-reducing bacteria [12].