虾虎鱼是近岸水域重要的鱼类类群，其中许多物种分布范围狭窄，对环境变化敏感。舟山缰虾虎鱼和多鳞正颌虾虎鱼均为我国近海特有物种，分别分布 于东海沿岸及上海、海南等地水域，在有限的分布区内面临生境退化、气候变化等多种威胁。长期以来，学界对虾虎鱼早期生命阶段的形态缺乏认识，制约 了对其繁殖场和育幼场的有效保护。 团队负责人、东海生态中心高级工程师刘守海介绍，研究团队自2017年以来，致力于在长江口及邻近水域进行长期连续性的生态调查，对采集到的鱼类 仔鱼样本，采取DNA条形码与形态相结合的方式，成功鉴定并详细描述了这两种特有虾虎鱼在发育后期的形态特征。该研究首次明确了长江口是这两种特 有虾虎鱼的重要育幼场，填补了其早期生活史研究的空白。在全球气候变化（如水温上升）、大型水利工程（如三峡工程）调节径流及人类活动影响加剧的 背景下，掌握其早期发育特征、时空分布动态及关键栖息地需求，对于评估环境压力、制定针对性的保护策略（如优化禁渔期、设立气候韧性保护区等）具 有重要意义。 l the first and 1 11 100 东海生态中心科研技术人员开展仔稚鱼鉴定 近日，自然资源部东海生态中心科研团队在鱼类早期发育研究领域取得 ...

近日，兰州大学官网发布"教育部西部生态安全学科突破先导项目启动会通知"，定于12月23日召开项目启动会暨实施方案论证会，围绕西部生态安全这一 重大科学问题，汇聚凝练共识，共同审议项目规划和实施方案，并就各任务开展讨论交流。会议围绕全球变化背景下多圈层相互作用与西部生态系统演 变、西部水资源安全与高效利用、沙漠化治理与沙尘暴防治、西部退化生态系统修复与生物多样性保护、西部生态风险智能预测与安全应对五个主题进 行。 据悉，"西部生态安全学科突破先导项目"由兰州大学牵头，联合清华大学、北京大学、北京师范大学、武汉大学共同申报获批，首席科学家为兰州大学黄 建平院士。 据悉，"西部生态安全学科突破先导项目"由兰州大学牵头，联合清华大学、北京大学、北京师范大学、武汉大学共同申报获批，首席科学家为兰州大学黄 建平院士。 2024年9月，习近平总书记在全国教育大会上提出，实施基础学科和交叉学科突破计划，建立科技创新与人才培养相互支撑、带动学科高质量发展的有效 机制。为认真贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示要求，根据教育强国建设规划纲要部署，教育部、财政部共同启动实施了基础学科和交叉学科突破计划，从 国家战略需求中凝练重大科技问题， ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent study from Northwest A&F University highlights that long-term climate warming significantly reduces global soil microbial richness, emphasizing the urgent need for strategies to protect soil microbial communities to mitigate climate change risks [4][8]. Summary by Sections Research Findings - The study analyzed 2,786 observational data points globally, revealing that soil microbial diversity and abundance consistently decline with increasing climate warming and average annual temperature [7]. - Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, long-term warming (≥5 years) is expected to reduce global soil microbial abundance by 7%-9%, indicating that even moderate long-term warming can adversely affect soil microbial diversity and functionality [7][12]. Importance of Healthy Soil - Healthy soil is crucial for food production and climate stability, with soil microbes driving key processes such as nutrient cycling and carbon storage [5][6]. - The research underscores that understanding and protecting soil microbes is vital not only for scientific inquiry but also for food security, sustainable land use, and overall planetary health [6][8]. Implications of Climate Change - The findings suggest that climate change may erode the biological foundation of soil, threatening essential ecosystem services that humanity relies on [8]. - The negative impact of climate warming on soil microbial abundance is more pronounced in warmer regions, with specific changes in microbial community composition, such as a reduction in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and an increase in nitrite-reducing bacteria [12].

Core Insights - The research published in the journal "Science" reveals the interaction between drought intensity and duration, providing critical insights into the ecological impacts of extreme droughts [1][2] - This study marks a significant achievement for Beijing Forestry University, being its first publication in "Science" in 73 years [1] Research Methodology - The study utilized a global-scale research platform involving 177 researchers from 126 institutions across 28 countries, covering 74 grassland and shrubland ecosystems on six continents [1] - A standardized drought treatment experiment was conducted, simulating continuous drought conditions for 3 to 4 years, overcoming traditional regional limitations in drought research [1] Key Findings - Ecosystems exhibit a critical transition characteristic of "adaptation-collapse" in response to drought [1] - Under normal drought conditions, grassland and shrubland ecosystems show some adaptive capacity, but this capacity is completely lost under extreme drought conditions, defined as a once-in-a-century event [1] - The productivity loss due to four consecutive years of extreme drought increased approximately 2.5 times compared to the first year [1] Scientific and Practical Implications - The findings break the long-standing limitation of considering drought intensity and duration independently, addressing the core scientific question of how extreme drought drives changes in ecosystem functions [2] - The research provides essential parameters for developing future terrestrial ecosystem response models under climate change and offers precise scientific evidence for policy-making in areas such as grassland management, carbon sink assessment, and drought disaster prevention [2]

Core Insights - The latest research published in the journal "Nature Communications" indicates that climate warming may accelerate soil respiration rates in tropical forests, leading to increased carbon loss from soil, which could impact global climate predictions [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - A field experiment showed that soil respiration rates in warmed plots were found to be 42%-204% higher than in control plots, reaching some of the highest soil respiration rates reported in terrestrial ecosystems [2] - The additional carbon released from warmed plots was estimated to be between 6.5 to 81.7 tons per hectare annually, depending on the slope position, with the highest carbon release occurring in upper slope areas [2] - The authors suggest that these increases may be due to changes in the microbial community functions in warmed soils, affecting their ability to metabolize carbon or altering the composition of microbial communities [2] Group 2: Implications - The study's findings indicate that in a warmer world, tropical forest ecosystems may experience significant carbon loss, highlighting the importance of further research to understand the underlying mechanisms of these processes for assessing the long-term impacts of climate change [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant contributions of Professor La Qiong in the field of biodiversity conservation and plant adaptation research in extreme environments, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau, emphasizing the importance of local talent cultivation and scientific research in ecological protection efforts [2][11]. Group 1: Personal Background and Academic Journey - La Qiong, born in October 1969 in Tibet, has dedicated over 30 years to ecological research and education, focusing on high-altitude plant diversity [2]. - His early experiences in the Tibetan wilderness inspired his passion for studying high-altitude plants, leading him to pursue a career in biology after graduating from Southwest University [3][4]. Group 2: Influence of Mentorship - La Qiong credits his mentor, Professor Zhong Yang, with instilling a "seed spirit" that shaped his academic philosophy and commitment to research in the Tibetan Plateau [5]. - Zhong Yang's dedication to high-altitude plant research and his perseverance in the face of health challenges serve as a profound inspiration for La Qiong [6]. Group 3: Research Focus and Methodology - La Qiong's current research centers on the adaptive mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau plants, utilizing genetic studies to uncover their evolutionary traits [8]. - This research approach allows for a deeper understanding of plant characteristics at the molecular level, enhancing knowledge of their adaptations to extreme environments [8]. Group 4: Ecological Protection and Local Talent Development - The article discusses the limitations of traditional conservation methods and advocates for a more precise understanding of species development patterns through molecular research, which can lead to targeted conservation efforts [10]. - La Qiong emphasizes the importance of nurturing local talent in ecological research, as they possess advantages in conducting fieldwork in the challenging conditions of Tibet [11]. Group 5: Data Collection and Monitoring Initiatives - The establishment of the Yani Wetland Ecosystem National Observation Research Station marks a significant step in ecological monitoring and data collection in the Tibetan Plateau [13]. - La Qiong and his team are working on building a comprehensive ecological monitoring system to gather more systematic data, which is crucial for understanding the entire ecosystem [13].

Core Insights - The total ecological product value (GEP) of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park for 2023 reached 208.75 billion yuan, with a per unit area GEP of 0.49 million yuan per square kilometer, highlighting the park's ecological value and its critical role in ecological civilization construction [1][2] Group 1 - The GEP accounting has been conducted annually from 2019 to 2023, providing insights into the ecological product values and helping to identify potential risks within the ecosystem [1] - The continuous monitoring of GEP serves as a tool to detect ecosystem issues and supports the transition of ecological products from "priceless" to "valuable" [1] - The park aims to enhance the application of GEP accounting results and explore mechanisms for realizing ecological product values through ongoing research and technological advancements [2] Group 2 - The park addresses the challenges of measuring, trading, realizing, and mortgaging ecological product values, with a focus on overcoming the measurement difficulties [2] - Future efforts will include improving ecological environment monitoring systems using modern technology to enhance data accuracy and timeliness [2] - The goal is to effectively realize the ecological product values of the national park through expanded data acquisition channels [2]