Core Insights - The recent seminar on the 2025 National Surface Matrix Survey in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, highlighted the latest advancements in surface matrix research and outlined future work directions [1][2] Group 1: Key Findings from the Seminar - The seminar emphasized the urgent need to comprehensively clarify the types, configurations, distributions, properties, and resource potential of surface matrices to support national food security, ecological safety, and land spatial planning [1] - Significant achievements have been made in pilot projects for surface matrix surveys, establishing a scientific connotation and a layered classification system for these surveys [1][2] - The meeting identified three key areas for future focus: expanding surface matrix surveys to meet national demands, establishing a comprehensive standard system, and developing high-precision, intelligent monitoring technologies [2] Group 2: Contributions and Discussions - Experts from institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Agricultural University presented reports on the foundational theories related to surface matrices [2] - The China Geological Survey's Natural Resources Comprehensive Investigation Command Center provided insights into the scientific connotation and ecological functions of surface matrices, along with updates on survey content and methodologies [2] - Representatives discussed new methods for surface matrix surveys, talent development, and contributions to high-quality economic and social development [2]

Core Insights - The China Geological Survey has developed a comprehensive evaluation model for land resource suitability in Northeast China's black soil region, marking a significant transition from resource assessment to active resource utilization [1][2][3] Group 1: Evaluation Model and Findings - A new evaluation model covering "baseline identification - functional analysis - potential grading" has been established, providing precise technological support for land spatial planning and ecological protection [1] - The survey has delineated the quantifiable boundaries of black soil, identifying an area of 387,500 square kilometers, which constitutes approximately 94% of the surveyed area [2] - The project has revealed that 86.34% of the black soil area is classified as stable or relatively stable, while 88.66% of the area has medium or higher soil quality [2] Group 2: Carbon Storage and Environmental Impact - The project calculated a total carbon storage of 3.401 billion tons in the top 2 meters of the soil layer, with organic carbon storage reaching 2.117 billion tons, supporting carbon neutrality goals [3] - The findings indicate a strong correlation between different types of degradation and the structure of the surface matrix layer, suggesting a need for targeted remediation strategies [3] Group 3: Future Directions and Applications - Future investigations will expand coverage to enhance understanding of black soil resources and establish a normalized monitoring network, integrating with land planning and ecological restoration efforts [3] - The results have been applied in various scenarios, including black soil stripping projects and farmland quality management, providing robust technical support for national agricultural initiatives [3]

Core Viewpoint - The recent comprehensive survey of soil resources in Northeast China's black soil region has established a full-chain evaluation model, transitioning from understanding resource status to optimizing resource utilization, providing precise technological support for land planning, ecological protection, and resource-intensive use [1][2]. Group 1: Survey Findings - The survey delineated the "quantifiable boundary" of black soil, identifying an area of 387,500 square kilometers, which constitutes approximately 94% of the surveyed area, based on criteria of soil thickness and organic matter content [2]. - The project revealed the presence of multiple layers of black soil with thickness greater than 20 centimeters and organic matter content ranging from 15 grams per kilogram to 77.5 grams per kilogram, offering new scientific insights into the formation and evolution of black soil [2]. - The stability evaluation model developed by the project team categorized areas into stable, relatively stable, potentially unstable, and degraded zones, with 86.34% of the black soil area classified as stable or relatively stable [2]. Group 2: Carbon Storage and Environmental Impact - The project calculated a total carbon storage of 3.401 billion tons and organic carbon storage of 2.117 billion tons in the top 2 meters of the soil, with the top 20 centimeters accounting for 564 million tons, supporting the achievement of carbon neutrality goals [3]. - The findings indicate a strong correlation between different types of degradation and the structure of the surface matrix layer, suggesting that effective management should focus on geological causes and prioritize matrix management for precise restoration [3]. Group 3: Future Directions - The project aims to expand the coverage of soil surveys to enhance the understanding of black soil resources and establish a normalized monitoring network, integrating land planning, agricultural layout, ecological restoration, and carbon assessment [3]. - The results have been applied in various scenarios, including black soil stripping projects and farmland quality management, providing robust technical support for national initiatives on black soil protection and utilization [3].