Core Viewpoint - Understanding the thermal transport mechanisms at material interfaces is crucial for advancing semiconductor technology, particularly for miniaturized devices operating at extremely high power densities [1]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team from Peking University published a paper in Nature on June 11, 2025, exploring phonon transport dynamics across interfaces using electron microscopy [2]. - The study utilized in-situ vibrational electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to measure temperature gradient distributions at the AlN-SiC interface with nanometer resolution, overcoming previous measurement challenges [3]. - A steep temperature drop was observed within approximately 2 nanometers of the interface, allowing for the direct extraction of the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) [4]. Group 2: Implications and Mechanisms - The mismatch in phonon mode thermal conductivity at the interface leads to a significant generation of non-equilibrium phonons in adjacent regions during thermal transport [4]. - The findings reveal the (sub)nanometer scale phonon transport dynamics and confirm the phonon inelastic scattering mechanisms involving interface modes, providing important guidance for thermal interface engineering design [5].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant contributions of Chinese scholars in the latest issue of the journal Nature, with 12 out of 24 papers authored by them, indicating a strong presence in cutting-edge research [1][25]. Group 1: Research on Health and Medicine - A study from Zhaoquan Wang at the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reveals that high fructose intake in early life impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment, potentially increasing anxiety risk during adolescence [1]. - Research by Yang Wei from the NIH discusses the dynamic assemblies and coordinated reactions involved in non-homologous end joining, providing insights into DNA repair mechanisms [4]. - A paper from Gaoqun Zhang at the Max Planck Institute explores the developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin of thymic mimetic cells, shedding light on immune system development [10]. - A study by Lingjie Sang from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center identifies glycosaminoglycan-driven lipoprotein uptake as a key mechanism for cancer cells to resist ferroptosis, suggesting a new target for cancer therapy [11]. Group 2: Innovations in Technology and Materials - Research by Jianmin Liang at Arizona State University presents a fully open AI foundation model for chest radiography, outperforming existing models in detecting rare chest diseases [2][4]. - A study from Jack Chun-Ting Liu at Stanford University discovers genes enabling the biosynthesis of baccatin III, a precursor for the anticancer drug paclitaxel, addressing the challenge of sourcing sufficient quantities from natural plants [3]. - A paper from Jia Liu at Harvard University introduces a flexible neural implant that grows with the brain, promising advancements in treating neurological disorders [5]. - Research from Zheng Guo at the University of Science and Technology of China demonstrates a new method to enhance the lifespan of perovskite light-emitting diodes, achieving brightness over 1.16 million nits and a lifespan exceeding 180,000 hours [7]. Group 3: Environmental and Earth Sciences - A study by Jianghui Du at ETH Zurich challenges traditional views on marine biogeochemistry, indicating that various trace elements in the ocean originate from the seafloor [6]. - Research by Peng Gao at Peking University investigates phonon transport dynamics across interfaces, providing insights for thermal interface engineering [8]. - A paper from Wei-Yu Qian at Leibniz University presents the preparation of a neutral nitrogen allotrope, which could open new opportunities for energy storage concepts [9].