智通财经记者 | 张旭 截至2024年年末，我国60周岁以上人口达3.1亿，占总人口的22%。让所有老年人都能有一个幸福美满 的晚年，是家事，也是国事。 随着我国人口老龄化程度不断加深，养老服务需求日渐增长，养老服务体系建设也面临新的挑战。在此 背景下，1月7日，中办、国办发布《深化养老服务改革发展的意见》（以下简称：《意见》）。《意 见》明确，到2029年，我国养老服务网络基本建成；到2035年，养老服务网络更加健全，适合我国国情 的养老服务体系成熟定型。 《意见》提出17条清晰"路径"。从完善村（社区）养老服务设施站点、巩固居家养老基础作用，到加快 补齐农村养老服务短板、加强养老服务人才队伍建设等，均作出明确部署。 今年7月，民政部会同财政部组织开展向中度以上失能老年人发放养老服务消费补贴试点工作，在浙 江、山东、重庆市等地先行开展项目试点，切实惠及老年群体。与此同时，适老化改造持续推进，全国 同步开展消费品以旧换新补贴，截至今年9月，国家财政补贴资金近10亿元。 此外，居家社区养老服务持续深化，全国启动2025年居家和社区基本养老服务提升行动项目。中央财政 投入9亿元资金支持50个项目地区建设家庭养老床 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government has officially announced a gradual implementation of free preschool education, aiming to alleviate financial burdens on families and promote early childhood education [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Details - The new policy will exempt families from paying the "care and education fees" associated with preschool education, although costs such as meal fees, accommodation fees, and miscellaneous fees will still apply [2]. - The reform's impact on preschool education fees is expected to be comparable to the second stage of the fee structure in compulsory education, where tuition fees were eliminated but other costs remained [7]. Group 2: Historical Context - The evolution of education fees in China can be categorized into several stages, with the first stage (1986 to late 1990s) involving tuition and various fees, followed by the elimination of tuition in the late 1990s while retaining other fees [4][5]. - The current preschool education fee structure shows that while it is not as comprehensive as the nine-year compulsory education, it is significantly more favorable than the high school stage [9]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The push for free preschool education is part of a larger demographic strategy aimed at increasing birth rates and supporting families with children aged 0 to 6, which includes a yearly subsidy of 3,600 yuan for infants [10]. - The focus on early childhood education indicates a strategic shift towards enhancing population growth rather than solely improving educational quality at higher levels [13].