此前虽已有多个巡天项目绘制全天图谱，如NASA的广域红外巡天探测器，但无一能像SPHEREx这样同 时捕捉如此丰富的色彩。韦布空间望远镜虽能在更多波长进行光谱分析，其视场范围却仅为SPHEREx 的数千分之一。宽广视野与多色探测的结合，是SPHEREx的独特。 望远镜配备了6个探测器，每个探测器装有特殊设计的滤光片，可捕捉17种渐变色光。6个探测器同时工 作，每次成像即包含102种颜色，因此每张全天图谱实为由102张不同颜色图层构成。 尽管人眼无法直接看见这102种红外颜色，但这些光线在宇宙中普遍存在。SPHEREx探测的每一种颜色 对应特定波长的红外光，分别传递出星系、恒星、行星形成区及其他天体的独特信息。例如在银河系 内，恒星与行星诞生的稠密尘埃云会强烈辐射某些波长的红外光，而在其他波段则几乎不可见。 来源：科技日报 科技日报记者 刘霞 据物理学家组织网近期报道，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的SPHEREx（宇宙历史、再电离纪元及冰 层探索光谱光度计）空间望远镜经过数月观测，成功绘制出首份覆盖整个天空的102色红外图谱。研究 团队表示，这有助于进一步揭示宇宙大爆炸后数万亿分之一秒内发生的物理过程及其对星 ...

紫金山天文台副研究员苏扬介绍，此次公开数据将进一步推动多波段天文研究的协同创新。"银河画 卷"数据将与国内大科学装置如500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）、高海拔宇宙线观测站 （LHAASO）等形成互补，助力国内外研究团队的恒星形成、星系演化等前沿研究。 "银河画卷"首批公布的数据由"科学数据银行"存储和发布。全球天文研究者、爱好者11日起可分享这份 深沉蕴藉的中国式浪漫。这一巡天项目也为下一代大口径毫米波/亚毫米波望远镜百波束量级的巡天积 累了重要技术经验。（完） 新华社南京12月11日电（记者王珏玢、潘晔）中国科学院紫金山天文台11日通报，我国"银河画 卷"（MWISP）巡天计划当日正式公布首批毫米波分子谱线观测数据。古代诗词、典籍中常以"汉"诗意 命名的银河，如浩瀚卷轴被徐徐展开，由中国天文学家铺陈在世界面前。 "银河画卷"项目首席科学家、紫金山天文台研究员杨戟介绍，此次公布的数据覆盖北天银道面附近（银 经10至230度，银纬±5度）约2300平方度天区，通过探测星际一氧化碳分子气体发出的毫米波信号，高 精度描绘出银河系分子气体的分布与结构。自2011年起，该计划历时十余年，此前已完成一期巡天。此 次 ...

Core Viewpoint - A joint team from the University of Portsmouth and the Federal University of Brazil has discovered the largest black hole to date, located in the "Cosmic Horseshoe" galaxy, with a mass of 36 billion times that of the Sun, approaching the theoretical limit for black hole mass [1]. Group 1 - The innovative method used by the research team combines gravitational lensing effects with stellar kinematics analysis, which is considered the gold standard for measuring black hole mass [1][4]. - The team detected that the black hole altered the path of light passing nearby and that stars in the core region of the host galaxy are moving at nearly 400 kilometers per second [3]. - This method is particularly effective in detecting "dormant" black holes that are not actively accreting material, opening new avenues for discovering more supermassive black holes [4]. Group 2 - The discovery is significant for understanding the symbiotic relationship between galaxies and their central supermassive black holes, where galaxies supply material to the black holes, leading to their growth and influencing the evolution of the entire galaxy [4]. - The team plans to use the Euclid space telescope to search for more supermassive black holes and reveal their role in the process of star formation [5].

Core Insights - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been operational since July 2022, capturing approximately 550 terabytes of cosmic data and generating over 1,600 significant research findings, enhancing humanity's understanding of the universe [1] Group 1: Discoveries and Observations - JWST is designed to observe the "cosmic dawn," the first billion years after the universe's birth, revealing early bright galaxies existing just 300 million years post-Big Bang [2] - The telescope has identified "baby" galaxies that are only 600 million years old but already exhibit structures similar to the Milky Way [2] - JWST discovered mysterious "small red dots," which are distant, dense, bright, and red star clusters, with potential explanations for their brightness being dense young star groups or heated gas from supermassive black holes [3] Group 2: Atmospheric Studies - JWST has advanced the study of exoplanet atmospheres, detecting complex chemical compositions such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide in gas giant planets [4] - The telescope successfully detected traces of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide in the thin atmosphere of the rocky exoplanet 55 Cancri e, located 40 light-years away [5] Group 3: Stellar Evolution and Planetary Systems - JWST may have detected planetary candidates orbiting white dwarfs, suggesting that planets can survive the death of their stars [6] - The telescope revealed the scale of water plumes on Europa, showing a massive cloud structure over 9,600 kilometers in diameter, significantly larger than previously observed [7] Group 4: Future Exploration - JWST is expected to continue its operations for over 20 years, providing opportunities for further exploration of cosmic mysteries and enhancing our understanding of the universe [7]

Core Insights - The research published in the journal "Nature" reveals that the J0107a galaxy, observed when the universe was only 2.6 billion years old, exhibits a stable bar structure, which is unexpected for young galaxies [1][2] - The study indicates that bar structures, typically found in large galaxies, can form much earlier than previously thought, occurring within 500 million years after the Big Bang [1][2] Group 1 - The J0107a galaxy is identified as a large-scale barred spiral galaxy, where the bar structure facilitates the rearrangement of the galaxy by drawing gas into the center, leading to bursts of star formation, particularly in young galaxies [2] - Observations show that the rate of gas inflow in J0107a is 10 to 100 times faster than in similar systems like the Milky Way, suggesting that barred spiral galaxies should be more unstable, yet the stars in J0107a indicate it has existed for a long time [2] - The findings suggest that bar-driven galaxy evolution occurred as early as 11.1 billion years ago, providing new insights into the cosmic rearrangement of young galaxies [2]

Core Insights - An international team, including researchers from the University of Tokyo, has observed a supermassive black hole ejecting gas blobs at high speeds, located approximately 2 billion light-years from Earth [1] Group 1 - The research was published in the latest issue of the journal Nature, highlighting the significance of the findings in understanding black hole dynamics [1] - The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency announced that the study aims to clarify the relationship between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, which is still not fully understood [1] - The key to unraveling this mystery lies in the "wind" emitted by black holes into the surrounding space, which may influence galaxy evolution [1]