随后，詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜与SPHEREx空间望远镜的数据联合提供了远超可见光图像的信息。 分析显示，星体的彗发中含有大量二氧化碳，而彗核附近则呈现出水冰的特征。 NASA太阳系小天体首席科学家汤姆·斯塔特勒指出，它表现出典型彗星的升华行为，但二氧化碳与 水的比例与太阳系彗星有所不同，这一特征值得进一步研究。 从左上图顺时针方向依次为：10月15日和16日，欧洲空间局与美国国家航空航天局的SOHO任务观测到 的3I/ATLAS；9月16日，"露西号"航天器观测到的3I/ATLAS；9月11日至25日，STEREO-A航天器拍摄 的图像组合而成的3I/ATLAS；以及10月9日，火星轨道探测器MAVEN观测到的3I/ATLAS。图片来源： 美国国家航空航天局 自今年夏天神秘的彗星3I/ATLAS闯入太阳系后，人们对它的猜测和好奇就从未停歇。这颗高速掠 过火星轨道的星际来客，以超过每小时24万公里的速度掠过火星轨道，拖着厚厚的尘埃和冰雾进入人类 观测视野。 3I/ATLAS是有记录以来人类观测史上的第三颗"星际访客"。由于它的高速和神秘外形，过去几 周，社交媒体上关于"外星母舰闯入太阳系"的传言不断发酵。 当地 ...

Core Insights - The European Space Agency reported the discovery of an actively growing supermassive black hole in a galaxy just 570 million years after the Big Bang, which could reveal key mechanisms behind the origins of black holes and galaxies [1] Group 1: Discovery Details - Researchers utilized the James Webb Space Telescope's near-infrared spectrograph to detect faint light from the distant galaxy CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 [1] - Analysis of the galaxy's spectral features indicates the presence of an accreting black hole that is growing at a rate exceeding expectations [1] Group 2: Characteristics of the Galaxy - The galaxy is described as very dense and has not yet produced a significant amount of heavy elements, confirming its status as an early-stage galaxy [1] - The gas within the galaxy shows signs of strong ionization from high-energy radiation and rapid rotation around a central source, which are key characteristics of an accreting supermassive black hole [1] Group 3: Implications for Black Hole Growth - Notably, the mass of the black hole in this galaxy is disproportionately large compared to the stellar mass, suggesting that black holes may grow faster than their host galaxies in the early universe [1] - This observation challenges the previously established correlation between the mass of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, indicating that black holes could form and accelerate growth even in relatively small galaxies during the early universe [1]

新华社洛杉矶11月19日电（记者谭晶晶）美国航天局19日公布了由其探测器和空间望远镜拍摄的"星际 访客"——彗星3I/ATLAS的一批最新图像。这颗彗星预计将于12月19日前后飞掠地球，届时它与地球的 最近距离约2.7亿公里，约为地日距离的两倍。 研究人员认为，3I/ATLAS起源于太阳系外的一个恒星系统，在形成后被抛入星际空间，在数百万至数 十亿年的时间里一直在漂流，最近才进入太阳系。 这颗彗星的命名蕴藏着其"身份密码"。其中"ATLAS"代表它的发现者ATLAS研究团队；字母"I"代表"星 际"，说明它是来自太阳系外的天体；数字"3"表示它是第三个被确认的来自星际空间的天体。（完） 今年7月1日，美航天局资助的位于智利的"小行星撞击地球最后警报系统"（ATLAS）巡天望远镜首次发 现该天体。这是迄今被观测到的第三个造访太阳系的星际天体。此后，美航天局已有12台探测设备拍摄 到它，包括哈勃空间望远镜、詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜、火星探测器等。随着该天体继续穿越太阳系， 预计还会有更多航天器继续捕捉其影像。 据介绍，今年秋季，彗星3I/ATLAS从距离火星约3000万公里处飞掠。当时美航天局3个火星探测器对其 进 ...

Core Viewpoint - A multinational team, including researchers from Nanjing University, has confirmed the detection of phosphine on an exoplanet, Wolf 1130C, which may enhance the understanding of the chemical environment in the universe [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research results were published in the journal "Science," and the study is considered a milestone in the field [1]. - Phosphine has previously been detected in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn, but its presence on brown dwarfs was not confirmed until now [1][3]. - The study indicates that approximately 1 in every 10 million molecules in the atmosphere of Wolf 1130C is phosphine [3]. Group 2: Theoretical Implications - Two hypotheses were proposed regarding the presence of phosphine: one suggests that phosphorus is bound in phosphorus trioxide, and Wolf 1130C lacks sufficient oxygen for phosphine formation; the other posits that phosphine may originate from the neighboring stars [3][5]. - The international team is planning new observations to search for phosphine in other brown dwarfs to further validate their theoretical assumptions [5].

Core Insights - A multinational team, including Associate Professor Zhang Zenghua from Nanjing University, has confirmed the detection of phosphine on an exoplanet, Wolf 1130C, which is expected to enhance the understanding of the chemical environment in the universe [1][2] - The research, published in the journal "Science," is considered a milestone, as phosphine has previously been detected in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn, but not in other exoplanets [1][2] Group 1 - The detection of phosphine on Wolf 1130C, located 54 light-years away in a trinary star system, marks the first observation of this compound on an exoplanet [2] - The atmospheric modeling indicates that approximately 1 in every 10 million molecules in Wolf 1130C's atmosphere is phosphine [2] - The team is investigating two hypotheses for the presence of phosphine: one suggests a lack of sufficient oxygen on Wolf 1130C allows phosphorus to bond with hydrogen, while the other considers the possibility of phosphine originating from the neighboring stars [2][5] Group 2 - The international team, led by Professor Adam Burgasser from the University of California, San Diego, is planning new observations to search for phosphine on other brown dwarfs to further validate their theoretical assumptions [5]

新华社洛杉矶8月19日电（记者谭晶晶）美国航天局网站19日发文称，研究人员利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望 远镜最新观测结果，在天王星轨道上发现了一颗此前未知的卫星，使天王星已知卫星总数增至29颗。 美航天局网站介绍，今年2月2日，美国西南研究院主导的一个团队从韦布望远镜近红外相机拍摄的10张 长曝光图像中发现这颗卫星。初步估算显示，其直径仅约10公里，比目前已知最小的天王星卫星还要 小。相关数据尚未经过同行评审。 美国西南研究院太阳系科学与探索部门首席科学家玛丽亚姆·埃尔·穆塔米德介绍，这颗新卫星距离天王 星中心约5.6万公里，绕天王星赤道平面运行，位于奥菲利娅和比安卡两颗卫星轨道之间，轨道几乎呈 圆形，表明它可能在当前位置附近形成。 这颗新卫星比此前已知的最小天王星卫星还要小。穆塔米德表示，这颗卫星体形虽小，却是一项意义重 大的发现。即便是近40年前飞掠天王星的"旅行者2号"探测器也未能捕捉到它的身影。 按照距离太阳由近及远的次序，天王星是太阳系第七颗行星，其内侧区域分布着多颗小卫星，它们被认 为记录了这颗行星复杂的演化历史。据介绍，此次发现来自韦布望远镜的"大众观测者项目"，该项目向 全球科研人员开放，允许他们利 ...

Core Points - NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new moon orbiting Uranus, marking the 29th known moon of the planet [1][3] - The new moon, designated S/2025 U1, was found in images taken on February 2, 2023, and is estimated to have a diameter of only 10 kilometers [1][3] - The discovery highlights the complexity of Uranus's moon system and its relationship with the planet's ring system, suggesting a chaotic history [3] Summary by Sections Discovery Details - The new moon was discovered using the near-infrared camera of the James Webb Space Telescope, which captured 10 sets of 40-minute long exposure images [1] - The moon orbits approximately 56,000 kilometers from the center of Uranus, situated between the orbits of moons Miranda and Ariel [1][3] - The moon's nearly circular orbit indicates it may have formed in its current location [1] Scientific Implications - The discovery of this small and faint moon suggests that there may be more complex structures yet to be discovered within Uranus's moon system [3] - Other planets do not possess as many small inner moons as Uranus, indicating a unique and intricate history of its satellite system [3] Observational Technology - The James Webb Space Telescope provides new perspectives for observing the outer solar system, with its high resolution and infrared sensitivity allowing for the detection of previously unseen faint and distant celestial bodies [3]

Core Insights - NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new moon orbiting Uranus, marking the 29th known moon of the planet [1][2] Group 1: Discovery Details - The new moon was identified by researchers from the Southwest Research Institute and others using the near-infrared camera of the Webb Telescope, with the discovery made in February of this year [2] - The moon is estimated to have a diameter of only 10 kilometers and has not been detected by previous missions, including the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1986, likely due to its small size and low brightness [2][4] Group 2: Orbital Characteristics - The newly discovered moon orbits at a distance of 56,000 kilometers from the center of Uranus, and its circular orbit suggests it may have formed near its current location [4] - Uranus previously had 28 known moons, with about half being smaller satellites that orbit relatively close to the planet [4] Group 3: Naming and Future Research - The naming of celestial bodies is subject to approval by the International Astronomical Union, and the new moon has not yet been named [4] - The discovery indicates that there may be more small moons around Uranus yet to be found, according to planetary scientist Matthew Tiscareno [4]

Core Insights - NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new moon orbiting Uranus, marking the 29th known moon of the planet [1][2] - The moon was detected using the telescope's near-infrared camera, with observations made in February of this year [1] - The newly discovered moon is estimated to have a diameter of only 10 kilometers and has not been observed by previous missions, including Voyager 2 [1] Summary by Sections - **Discovery Details** - The new moon was found in a series of 10 sets of 40-minute long exposure images taken by the James Webb Space Telescope [1] - The moon's small size and low brightness likely contributed to its previous undetection [1] - **Orbital Characteristics** - The moon orbits at a distance of 56,000 kilometers from the center of Uranus, indicating it may have formed near its current location [1] - **Naming Convention** - Previous moons of Uranus have been named after characters from the works of Shakespeare or Alexander Pope, but the new moon has not yet been named and requires approval from the International Astronomical Union [1] - **Implications for Future Discoveries** - The discovery suggests that there may be more small moons around Uranus yet to be found, indicating potential for further exploration and research in this area [2]

Core Insights - An international team of astronomers led by scientists from the University of Texas at Austin has discovered a supermassive black hole that existed just 500 million years after the Big Bang, with a mass equivalent to 300 million suns, setting a record for the oldest known black hole at 13.3 billion years old [1][2] Group 1 - The discovery was made using the James Webb Space Telescope, which captured spectral data from the galaxy CAPERS-LRD-z9, revealing its unique "little red dot" characteristics typical of galaxies formed in the early universe [1] - The supermassive black hole is identified as the source of the galaxy's unexpected brightness, and it is capable of generating immense light and energy by compressing and heating the material it consumes [1][2] Group 2 - The findings regarding the galaxy may help explain the bright red appearance of "little red dot" galaxies, potentially due to a thick gas cloud surrounding the black hole that distorts light into redder wavelengths [2] - The existence of such a massive black hole in the early universe provides valuable opportunities to study the evolutionary history of these celestial bodies, suggesting either an extraordinarily high "primitive weight" at birth or a growth rate significantly faster than current models predict [2]