Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Ten-Year Treasury Bond ETF - **Model Construction Idea**: The model aims to leverage the ample supply and high liquidity of ten-year treasury bonds to provide a cost-effective and convenient investment option for institutional investors[3][41] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Selection of Bonds**: The ETF includes treasury bonds with remaining maturities between 6.5 and 10.25 years that are listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange[49] - **Index Tracking**: The ETF tracks the Shanghai Stock Exchange 10-Year Treasury Bond Index, which is market-capitalization weighted to reflect the overall performance of corresponding treasury bonds in the Shanghai market[49] - **Investment Strategy**: The fund employs an optimized sampling replication method, selecting liquid treasury bonds to construct the portfolio and track the index's duration and other metrics while minimizing transaction costs[51] - **Model Evaluation**: The ETF is highly valued for its stability, low cost, and high liquidity, making it a preferred choice for institutional investors seeking long-term bond investments[3][41][49] Model Backtesting Results - **Ten-Year Treasury Bond ETF**: - **Annualized Return**: 0.45%[49] - **Maximum Drawdown**: 2.27%[49] - **Calmar Ratio**: 0.20[49] Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Bond ETF Demand Growth - **Factor Construction Idea**: The factor is based on the increasing demand for bond ETFs driven by the maturation of investors and the evolving regulatory environment[35] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Regulatory and Compliance**: Bond ETFs meet regulatory requirements for transparency, liquidity, and risk management, enhancing their attractiveness to institutional investors[35] - **Asset Allocation**: Bond ETFs offer diversified credit and interest rate risk, ease of trading, and lower transaction costs, making them suitable for institutional portfolios[35][36] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor highlights the growing importance of bond ETFs in institutional portfolios due to their regulatory compliance, risk diversification, and cost advantages[35][36] 2. Factor Name: Low-Cost and High-Transparency Advantage - **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor emphasizes the benefits of bond ETFs, including risk diversification, transparency, and low costs[37] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Risk Diversification**: Bond ETFs track a basket of bonds, reducing the impact of individual bond defaults and lowering portfolio volatility[37] - **Transparency and Convenience**: Daily disclosure of holdings and ease of trading on exchanges enhance investor confidence and liquidity[37] - **Cost Efficiency**: Lower management fees, absence of stamp duty, and potential tax advantages make bond ETFs cost-effective[38] - **Factor Evaluation**: The factor underscores the multiple advantages of bond ETFs, making them a preferred tool for institutional investors seeking stable returns and low costs[37][38] Factor Backtesting Results - **Bond ETF Demand Growth**: - **Institutional Holdings**: Increased from 1 fund holding 0.81 million shares in 2023 to 22 funds holding 391.30 million shares by Q3 2025[48] - **Low-Cost and High-Transparency Advantage**: - **Comparison with Other Bond Funds**: Bond ETFs offer lower management fees, higher transparency, and better liquidity compared to actively managed bond funds and off-exchange bond index funds[39]