内容来源：2026年1月18日，在珠海举办的笔记侠苏德超西哲坊03期【世界与空性——洞穿眼前的现象迷雾】内 容笔记。 分享嘉宾：苏德超，武汉大学哲学学院教授、博士生导师、笔记侠PPE书院创始顾问、西方哲学模块全程授课 导师。 看了无数报告，分析头头是道，每次决策却总是踩错点。不是他不够聪明，而是他掉进了一个认知陷阱——以为自己看的 是市场，其实看的是"自己想看到的市场"。 两百多年前，康德就揭开了这个谜底：人类永远看不清世界的本来面目。我们戴着一副"认知眼镜"，从戴上那天就再没摘 下来过。你以为你在客观分析，其实你只是在解读眼镜过滤后的"现象"。 在笔记侠PPE西哲坊03期的课堂上，苏德超教授会告诉你：为什么那些精准的预测模型总在失效？为什么拼多多没去优化 搜索，反而靠"砍一刀"杀出重围？更重要的是，当真相永远看不清，企业家该怎么下注？ 希望今天的内容，对你有所启发。 一、一场毁灭性危机 1.20世纪20年代，美国大萧条 在讲康德之前，我们先看一次毁灭性的金融危机，它间接引起了第二次世界大战。 上个世纪20年代，一战硝烟散尽，汽车、收音机、电气化这些新技术以前所未有的速度普及到千家万户，一片繁荣。美国 股市就 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the Chinese New Philosophy Research Association in 1949 marked a significant moment in the development of philosophical discourse in China, aiming to unite philosophers and promote new philosophical ideas in the context of a new democratic society [1]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Chinese New Philosophy Research Association was officially established on July 13, 1949, as announced in the first edition of the Guangming Daily [1]. - The association's mission included uniting philosophers to understand the development laws of a new democratic society and to critique and absorb old philosophical heritage [1]. Group 2: Key Figures - Renowned philosopher Zheng Xin was elected as the vice president of the association, having studied philosophy in Germany under the guidance of Bruno Bauch, a master of Neo-Kantianism [2]. - Zheng Xin returned to China in 1932 and became a professor at Peking University, later serving as the head of the philosophy department twice after the founding of the People's Republic of China [4]. Group 3: Contributions to Philosophy - Zheng Xin authored "A Study of Kant," which was the first comprehensive introduction to Kant's philosophy in China, significantly advancing the study of Kantian philosophy in the country [4]. - Under Zheng Xin's leadership, the "Philosophy" special publication was created to provide a platform for philosophical research and discussion, emphasizing the importance of serving the interests of the working people and socialist construction [5]. Group 4: Academic Influence - The "Philosophy" publication became a forefront for academic exchange in the national philosophical community, publishing significant papers and organizing discussions on the nature of truth [6]. - The discussions on truth had a profound impact on the academic community, maintaining a focus on scholarly issues without political overtones, which was considered a valuable aspect of the debates [6]. Group 5: Legacy and Impact - The publication's transformation from a biweekly to a weekly format under Zheng Xin significantly enhanced the timeliness and depth of philosophical discussions, providing a vital platform for scholars, especially younger researchers [6]. - The enduring legacy of the discussions and writings from that era reflects a commitment to academic courage and the pursuit of truth, which continues to resonate in contemporary philosophical discourse [6].

Core Insights - The document outlines a comprehensive study plan for Chinese and Western philosophy, emphasizing the importance of understanding key texts and concepts for exam preparation [9][25]. Group 1: Core Materials and Textbooks - Official textbooks for Chinese philosophy include "Chinese Philosophy History" by Peking University, which covers from pre-Qin to modern philosophy, providing clear logic and explanations for classical texts [1]. - "New Compilation of Chinese Philosophy History" by Guo Qiyong and Feng Dawen focuses on details and strengthens the understanding of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism [2]. - "Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism" by Chen Lai offers in-depth analysis of Cheng-Zhu and Yangming schools, highlighting key exam points like "relationship between principle and material force" [3]. - For Western philosophy, "A Brief History of Western Philosophy" by Zhao Dunhua aligns closely with exam topics, covering essential theories like "Plato's Theory of Ideas" [4]. - "History of Western Philosophy" by Deng Xiaomang provides depth on German classical philosophy, aiding in understanding complex systems like "Hegel's Dialectics" [5]. Group 2: Study Methods and Techniques - The study plan includes a foundational phase focusing on reading and framework construction, with a structured approach to both Chinese and Western philosophy [9]. - Emphasis is placed on creating comparative tables and timelines to visualize the evolution of philosophical thoughts and concepts [9]. - The strengthening phase involves timed practice with past exam questions, focusing on logical development in essay questions [9]. - The final phase includes memorization techniques and full simulation tests to prepare for complex comparative questions [11]. Group 3: Exam Preparation Strategies - The document suggests using a structured approach for answering essay questions, employing a "total - part - total" format to enhance clarity and depth [24]. - It highlights the importance of understanding the differences between various philosophical schools, such as "Li Ben Lun" versus "Xin Ben Lun" in Chinese philosophy [16]. - The need for continuous review of past exam questions and the creation of a "weakness list" for targeted study is emphasized [28].