常沙娜近照。 常沙娜在设计展览馆外立面图案。 常沙娜设计的天顶装饰效果图。 人物小传 常沙娜，1931年生，浙江杭州人。曾任教于清华大学、中央美术学院，后担任中央工艺美术学院（今清 华大学美术学院）院长，荣获中国文联终身成就美术家称号，现为中国工艺美术学会名誉会长。她系统 整理和研究敦煌图案，先后参与人民大会堂外立面和宴会厅建筑装饰的图案设计，民族文化宫、首都剧 场、首都国际机场等国家重点工程建筑装饰设计和壁画创作，主持设计中央人民政府赠送香港特别行政 区的雕塑《永远盛开的紫荆花》，作为总顾问参与指导了中国共产党历史展览馆工程建筑外立面装饰工 程的设计工作等。 常沙娜临摹的飞天像。 以上图片均为常沙娜工作室提供 北京顺义区一栋安静的小楼里，阳光斜斜穿过窗户，在木质餐桌上投下光影。常沙娜坐在桌边，看见记 者手捧鲜花，她的眼睛骤然亮了，"来啦。" 她缓缓起身，执意要亲自打理。那双布满岁月痕迹的手，仔细拣出舒展绽放的向日葵、玫瑰，剪去多余 枝叶，修整成同一高度，动作慢却很稳。家人接过花枝，依着她眼神示意的方向，插入花瓶。 对花的喜爱，早已融入常沙娜的生命，如同她对敦煌艺术的执着，从未稍减。 12岁那年，她跟随父亲常 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the contrasting contributions of Zhang Daqian and Chang Shuhong to the preservation and promotion of Dunhuang art, highlighting their respective roles as an explorer and a guardian of this cultural heritage [1][8]. Group 1: Zhang Daqian's Contributions - Zhang Daqian's journey to Dunhuang began in 1941, where he spent over two years studying and replicating the murals, significantly contributing to the understanding of Chinese art history [1][2]. - He was the first Chinese scholar to systematically number the caves at Mogao, completing a total of 309 caves, which was a groundbreaking effort in the field [2]. - His work faced controversy due to accusations of damaging the murals during his replication process, leading to a significant backlash from the academic community [3][4]. Group 2: Chang Shuhong's Role - Chang Shuhong arrived in Dunhuang in 1943, taking over the responsibility of preserving the murals after Zhang Daqian's departure, dedicating his life to this cause [4][6]. - He faced severe living conditions and personal sacrifices, including the departure of his wife, yet he remained committed to the protection and study of Dunhuang art [6][7]. - Under his leadership, the Dunhuang Art Research Institute was established, and he became known as the "Guardian of Dunhuang," symbolizing dedication to cultural preservation [6][8]. Group 3: Legacy and Impact - The friendship and collaboration between Zhang Daqian and Chang Shuhong have inspired subsequent generations of artists and scholars to continue the work of preserving Dunhuang's cultural heritage [8]. - Their efforts have led to a resurgence of interest in Dunhuang art, with modern scholars and artists employing digital technology and traditional methods to ensure the longevity of these cultural treasures [8].