根据日本的法律，个人所得税是对超过一定收入的部分按5%到45%的累进税率征税，而并非对全部收入征税。相比之下，社保税一旦超过130万日元的年 收入，就会强制要求加入健康保险和厚生年金，缴纳的保费每年高达20万日元。需要注意的是，计算年收入时，除了正职工资，还包括兼职收入、实习津 贴、临时奖金等各类工资性收入。 这使得许多日本人为了避免高额的社保费用，选择减少工作时间，或者干脆不做兼职。再加上日本面临严重的人口老龄化问题，劳动力短缺已经成为日本 经济长期存在的困境。如果高市早苗政府只是提高所得税的起征点，而不调整社保起征点，那么对于经济的刺激作用可能会十分有限。 此外，还需要考虑到政府的财政状况。高市早苗政府正在拟定9万亿日元的防卫预算，这意味着日本可能会增加军事开支。然而，如果提高了所得税免税 门槛，政府的税收收入又不可避免地会减少。这样一增一减的财政变化，可能会加重日本的债务压力。考虑到日本当前已经面临严重的负债问题，这无疑 会让政府的财政状况更加紧张。 最近，日本首相高市早苗和国民民主党党首玉木雄一郎进行了多次讨论，最终达成一致，决定将年收入免税的门槛从原来的103万日元提高到178万日元， 以此来减轻中 ...

Group 1 - Japan's largest business lobbying group reports that member companies' employees have secured over 5% salary increases for two consecutive years, indicating a sustained upward trend in wages amid a tightening labor market [1][4] - The average salary increase for 620,000 employees from 97 major companies in Japan is reported at 5.38%, slightly lower than last year's 5.58%, but significantly higher than the 20-year average increase of approximately 2.3% [1][4] - 11 out of 17 industries in Japan have seen salary increases higher than last year, with transportation, electronics, and chemicals leading the way, while traditional manufacturing sectors like automotive and steel have experienced more moderate increases [4][6] Group 2 - Over 50% of Japanese companies are facing severe regular employee shortages, contributing to the upward pressure on wages [6] - The core Consumer Price Index (CPI) is expected to rise to 3.4%, marking a two-year high, as inflation has remained at or above the Bank of Japan's 2% target for three consecutive years [6] - The recent rise in long-term Japanese government bond yields, particularly the 40-year bond reaching 3.675%, is constraining the Bank of Japan's ability to raise interest rates [7]